ASTM D4904-99(2020)

Standard Practice for Cooling of Analytical Solutions

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The solubility of extracts is influenced by temperature. The analytical solutions prepared from tanning extracts are dissolved or diluted in hot water. It is necessary to exercise caution in cooling these solutions, and to do so in such a way as to avoid chilling, under-cooling, or uneven cooling of the solutions.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for the cooling of analytical solutions such as those prepared in Practices D4901, D4905, or D6405. The tannin analysis results for an analytical solution are to some extent dependent on the conditions of the cooling of that solution.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2020
• ICS: 71.040.20 - Laboratory ware and related apparatus
• Technical Committee: D31 - Leather
• Drafting Committee: D31.01 - Vegetable Leather

Relations

• Refers: ASTM D4905-99(2009) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D6405-99(2009) - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D4901-99(2009) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2009
• Refers: ASTM D4901-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM D4905-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM D6405-99(2004) - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2004
• Refers: ASTM D4901-99 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Refers: ASTM D6405-99 - Standard Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999
• Refers: ASTM D4905-99 - Standard Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts
• Effective Date: 10-May-1999

Overview

ASTM D4904-99(2020) - Standard Practice for Cooling of Analytical Solutions establishes a uniform procedure for cooling analytical solutions, particularly those derived from tanning materials such as vegetable tannin extracts. This standard, developed by ASTM International, ensures that the preparation of analytical solutions used in tannin analysis is conducted under controlled temperature conditions. Proper cooling is crucial because the solubility and analytical results of extracts are significantly influenced by temperature. The standard aims to minimize variations caused by improper cooling, which can impact the accuracy and reliability of laboratory results in leather and tanning industries.

Key Topics

• Controlled Cooling: ASTM D4904-99(2020) prescribes methods for the careful cooling of analytical solutions to prevent chilling, under-cooling, or uneven temperature distribution, all of which can compromise solubility and analytical accuracy.
• Influence on Tannin Analysis: Cooling conditions directly affect the results of tannin analysis, making standardized practices essential for consistency and comparability.
• Safe Laboratory Practices: The standard calls for establishing appropriate safety, health, and environmental measures when handling hot solutions and during the cooling process.
• SI Units Compliance: All measurements are to be conducted and reported in SI units, aligning with international metric standards.
• Applicability to Related Methods: The procedure applies largely to solutions prepared following ASTM Practices D4901, D4905, or D6405, which address various forms of vegetable tannin extracts.

Applications

ASTM D4904-99(2020) is widely adopted by laboratories and quality control departments engaged in:

• Tannin Analysis in Leather Processing: Ensuring comparability and accuracy for solutions prepared from vegetable tanning extracts, crucial for quality assurance in the leather industry.
• Laboratory Solution Preparation: Standardizing cooling procedures for analytical solutions improves reproducibility when testing materials in accordance with related ASTM methods.
• Research and Development: Supporting reliable extraction and analysis of tannins and other compounds for product development or testing in academic and industrial settings.
• Regulatory Compliance: Fulfilling requirements for officially recognized practices in the preparation and handling of solutions used for chemical analysis, often stipulated in national and international regulations.

Related Standards

ASTM D4904-99(2020) references and is closely linked to several ASTM practices used in the preparation and analysis of tannin solutions:

• ASTM D4901: Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Vegetable Tannin Extracts.
• ASTM D4905: Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty, and Powdered Vegetable Tannin Extracts.
• ASTM D6405: Practice for Extraction of Tannins from Raw and Spent Materials.

These standards contribute to a comprehensive framework for the preparation, extraction, and analysis of tanning materials and related compounds.

Practical Value

Implementing ASTM D4904-99(2020) enhances the reliability of analytical results by:

• Maintaining consistent temperature conditions during solution preparation and cooling.
• Minimizing variability in tannin solubility and concentration measurement.
• Supporting quality control and method validation in industries reliant on accurate chemical analysis of tannins and similar extracts.

Keywords: cooling of analytical solutions, ASTM D4904, tannin analysis, laboratory solution preparation, vegetable tannin extracts, analytical procedure, standardized practice.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4904 − 99 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Cooling of Analytical Solutions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4904; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 ALCA Methods:
A12 Cooling of Analytical Solutions
1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for the cool-
ing of analytical solutions such as those prepared in Practices
3. Summary of Practice
D4901, D4905,or D6405. The tannin analysis results for an
3.1 This practice specifies a procedure to follow in cooling
analytical solution are to some extent dependent on the
to standard or room temperature the hot analytical solutions
conditions of the cooling of that solution.
prepared from tanning materials for Practices D4901, D4905,
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
or D6405.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Significance and Use
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 The solubility of extracts is influenced by temperature.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
The analytical solutions prepared from tanning extracts are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
dissolved or diluted in hot water. It is necessary to exercise
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
caution in cooling these solutions, and to do so in such a way
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
as to avoid chilling, under-cooling, or uneven cooling of the
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
solutions.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Specimen
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
5.1 The specimen shall be the 1-Lor 2-Lsolutions prepared
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
under Practices D4901, D4905,or D6405.
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
6. Procedure
2. Referenced Documents
2 6.1 The prepared solutions shall be protected from drafts,
2.1 ASTM Standards:
and shall be allowed to stand overnight in an ambient tempera-
D4901 Practice for Preparation of Solution of Liquid Veg-
ture of not less than 23 °C, nor more than 28 °C. After their
etable Tannin Extracts
temperature has been adjusted, the solutions shall be made up
D4905 Practice for Preparation of Solution of Solid, Pasty
to the mark with distilled water at 23°C. Where a constant
and
...