ASTM G29-16
(Practice)Standard Practice for Determining Algal Resistance of Polymeric Films
Standard Practice for Determining Algal Resistance of Polymeric Films
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Bodies of water, such as swimming pools, artificial ponds, and irrigation ditches often are lined with polymeric films. Algae tend to grow in such bodies of water under the proper atmospheric conditions, and they can produce slimy and unsightly deposits on the film. The method described herein is useful in evaluating the degree and permanency of protection against surface growth of algae afforded by various additives incorporated in the film.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the susceptibility of polymeric films to the attachment and proliferation of surface-growing algae.
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: G29 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Determining Algal Resistance of Polymeric Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G29; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 4. Apparatus
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the suscepti-
4.1 Propagation Tank:
bility of polymeric films to the attachment and proliferation of
4.1.1 A small fish tank (10 gal) is used to contain an algae
surface-growing algae.
propagation system where culture medium is recirculated
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
through a polymeric tube with holes punched in the bottom
The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information
overthetopofapolymericmeshscreeninsideofthetank.This
only.
design was developed in order to provide ideal conditions for
propagation of the algae that serve as inocula for each test.The
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
polymeric mesh is supported in such a way that water cascades
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
over the top from a distributor tube above. A small, fully
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
immersed recirculating pump rests on the bottom of the tank
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
and operates continuously to deliver the tank contents to the
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
distributor tube. The light required for algal propagation is
2. Summary of Practice
provided by a 100-W bulb placed 300 mm (12 in.) away from
the polymeric mesh. A timing device turns the light on for the
2.1 In this practice, test strips of polymeric film are sus-
desired light cycle each day.
pended in glass jars maintained at room temperature. The test
4.1.2 The propagation tank that is used as the permanent
strips are exposed to fluorescent light and in direct contact with
a standardized inoculum of the filamentous blue-green alga source of inoculum is filled to approximately one-third capac-
ity with the culture medium. Heavy growth of Oscillatoria
Oscillatoria in culture medium. The sample test jars are
re-inoculated with fresh alga every second or third day. A rapidlydevelopsonthepolymericmeshscreenand,atdifferent
phases, this growth appears light green, dark green, or black.
control using untreated polymeric film is used as a basis of
comparison. The inoculum is prepared with the help of a
NOTE 1—Culture medium in the propagation tank is discarded monthly
propagation apparatus made from a small fish tank. The test is
and replaced with fresh media.
terminated at the end of two weeks, or whenever the untreated
4.2 Test Chambers:
control shows dense algal growth.
4.2.1 One-litre (1-qt) wide-mouth glass jars, 170 mm
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3. Significance and Use
(6 ⁄4 in.) high by 76 mm (3 in.) in inside diameter, or
equivalent, serve as test chambers wherein water containing an
3.1 Bodies of water, such as swimming pools, artificial
inoculum of the algal organisms and strips of the polymeric
ponds, and irrigation ditches often are lined with polymeric
film are maintained in contact.
films. Algae tend to grow in such bodies of water under the
properatmosphericconditions,andtheycanproduceslimyand
4.2.2 The jars in 4.2.1 are placed in a suitable glass
unsightly deposits on the film. The method described herein is
container, such as a 38-L (10-gal) fish tank that is illuminated
useful in evaluating the degree and permanency of protection
by four 20-W “cool white” fluorescent bulbs, arranged two on
against surface growth of algae afforded by various additives
each long side of the tank, at the level of the growing algae in
incorporated in the film.
the jars. The lamps are mounted on a bracket that holds the
outer surface of the bulbs 25 mm (1 in.) from the wall of the
tank.Thetankisfilledwithwatertowithin25mm(1in.)ofthe
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This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee G03 on Weathering
top of the exposure jars in order to create uniform temperature
and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on
conditions for all jars.
Biological Deterioration.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2016. Published March 2017. Originally
4.3 Homogenizer—Any suitable commercial homogenizer
approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 2010 as G29 – 96 (2010). DOI:
10.1520/G0029-16. for preparing the algal inocula.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: G29 − 96 (Reapproved 2010) G29 − 16
Standard Practice for
1
Determining Algal Resistance of PlasticPolymeric Films
This standard is issued under the fixed designation G29; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope
1.1 This practice covers the determination of the susceptibility of plasticpolymeric films to the attachment and proliferation of
surface-growing algae.
1.2 The values in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Summary of Practice
2.1 In this practice, test strips of plasticpolymeric film are suspended in glass jars maintained at room temperature. The test
strips are exposed to fluorescent light and in direct contact with a standardized inoculum of the filamentous blue-green alga
Oscillatoria in culture medium. The sample test jars are reinoculatedre-inoculated with fresh alga every second or third day. A
control using untreated plasticpolymeric film is used as a basis of comparison. The inoculum is prepared with the help of a
propagation apparatus made from a small fish tank. The test is terminated at the end of two weeks, or whenever the test
filmuntreated control shows dense algal growth.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Bodies of water, such as swimming pools, artificial ponds, and irrigation ditches often are lined with plasticpolymeric films.
Algae tend to grow in such bodies of water under the proper atmospheric conditions, and they can produce slimy and unsightly
deposits on the film. The method described herein is useful in evaluating the degree and permanency of protection against surface
growth of algae afforded by various additives incorporated in the film.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Propagation TankTank: (see Fig. 1):
4.1.1 A small fish tank (10 gal) is used to contain a simulated cooling tower, made of redwood slats, over which an algae
propagation system where culture medium is recirculated through a plasticpolymeric tube with holes punched in the bottom.
bottom over the top of a polymeric mesh screen inside of the tank. This design was developed in order to provide ideal conditions
for propagation of the algae that serve as inocula for each test. Three redwood slats are joined by two supports The polymeric mesh
is supported in such a way that water cascades over each slat in turn the top from a distributor tube above the upper slat. above.
A small, fully immersed recirculating pump rests on the bottom of the tank and operates continuously to deliver the tank contents
to the distributor tube. The light required for algal propagation is provided by a 100-W bulb placed 300 mm (12 in.) (12 in.) away
from the redwood slats.polymeric mesh. A timing device turns the light on for 12 h the desired light cycle each day.
4.1.2 The propagation tank,tank that is used as the permanent source of inoculum,inoculum is filled to approximately one-third
capacity with the culture medium. Heavy growth of Oscillatoria rapidly develops on the redwood tower polymeric mesh screen
and, at different phases, this growth appears light green, dark green, or black.
NOTE 1—Culture medium in the propagation tank is discarded monthly and replaced with fresh media.
4.2 Test Chambers (see Chambers: Fig. 2):
1
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee G03 on Weathering and Durability and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee G03.04 on Biological
Deterioration.
Current edition approved June 1, 2010Dec. 1, 2016. Published June 2010March 2017. Originally approved in 1971. Last previous edition approved in 20022010 as
G29 – 96 (2002).(2010). DOI: 10.1520/G0029-96R10.10.1520/G0029-16.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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G29 − 16
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4.2.1 One-litre (1-qt) wide-mouth glass jars, 170 mm (6 ⁄4 in.) in.) high by 76 mm (3 in.) in inside diameter di
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