ASTM D2261-07ae1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
Standard Test Method for Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable, and the test method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of fabric of the type in question. Test specimens then should be randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using the appropriate statistical analysis and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results with consideration to the known bias.
The force registered in a tear test is irregular, and as a consequence, empirical methods have had to be developed to obtain usable values related to tear strength. In spite of the empirical nature of the reported values, the values are considered to reflect comparative performance of similar fabrics tested and measured in the same way. No known procedure is available that can be used with all fabrics to determine the minimum tearing strength.
Depending on the nature of the specimen, the data recording devices will show the tearing force in the form of a peak or peaks. The highest peaks appear to reflect the strength of the yarn components, fiber bonds, or fiber interlocks, individually or in combination, needed to stop a tear in a fabric of the...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) tensile testing machine.
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included in Appendix X1.
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or without wetting.
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate or start a tear.
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are provided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest peak forces.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
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Designation:D2261–07a
Standard Test Method for
Tearing Strength of Fabrics by the Tongue (Single Rip)
Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing
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Machine)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2261; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
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´ NOTE—Added research report information to Section 13 editorially in September 2010.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the tearing
strength of textile fabrics by the tongue (single rip) procedure
2. Referenced Documents
using a recording constant-rate-of-extension-type (CRE) ten-
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2.1 ASTM Standards:
sile testing machine.
D76 Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
1.1.1 The CRE-type tensile testing machine has become the
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
preferred test apparatus for determining tongue tearing
D629 Test Methods for Quantitative Analysis of Textiles
strength. It is recognized that some constant-rate-of-traverse-
D1776 Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
type (CRT) tensile testing machines continue to be used. As a
D2904 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of a Textile Test
consequence, these test instruments may be used when agreed
Method that Produces Normally Distributed Data
upon between the purchaser and the supplier. The conditions
D2906 Practice for Statements on Precision and Bias for
for use of the CRT-type tensile tester are included inAppendix
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Textiles
X1.
D4848 Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
1.2 This test method applies to most fabrics including
Related Properties of Textiles
woven fabrics, air bag fabrics, blankets, napped fabrics, knit
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
fabrics, layered fabrics, pile fabrics. The fabrics may be
Methods
untreated, heavily sized, coated, resin-treated, or otherwise
treated. Instructions are provided for testing specimens with or
3. Terminology
without wetting.
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.60, Fabric Test
1.3 Tear strength, as measured in this test method, requires
Methods, Specific, refer to Terminology D4850.
that the tear be initiated before testing. The reported value
3.2 For all terminology related to Force, Deformation and
obtained is not directly related to the force required to initiate
Related Properties of Textiles, refer to Terminology D4848.
or start a tear.
3.2.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.4 Two calculations for tongue tearing strength are pro-
cross-machine direction, CD, fabric, machine direction, MD,
vided: the single-peak force and the average of five highest
peak force, in tear testing of fabrics, tearing force, in fabric,
peak forces.
tearing strength, in fabric.
1.5 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.3 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
are to be regarded as the standard. The inch-pound units may
Terminology D123.
be approximate.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 Arectangular specimen, cut in the center of a short edge
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
toformatwo-tongued(trousershaped)specimen,inwhichone
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This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods, contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Specific. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2007. Published January 2008. Originally the ASTM website.
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approved in 1964. Discontinued November 1995 and reinstated as D2261–95. Last Withdrawn. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced
previous edition approved in 2007 as D2261–07. DOI: 10.1520/D2261-07AE01. on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2261–07a
tongue of the specimen is gripped in the upper jaw and the tivecorrelationhasbeenestablishedbetweenthepurchaserand
other tongue is gripped in the lower jaw of a tensile testing the supplier. In any event, the CRE-type machine shall prevail.
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