ASTM D440-07(2019)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
Standard Test Method of Drop Shatter Test for Coal
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The values determined in this test method, when evaluated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals, may be used as indications of the extent to which coal will break in conventional transit and handling beyond the point of sampling.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method of drop shatter test2 covers the determination of the relative size stability and its complement, the friability, of sized coal. It affords a means of indicating the ability of coal to withstand breakage when subjected to handling at the mine and during transit to the consumer. The test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of coals in respect to size stability and friability rather than for determining values within narrow limits in order to emphasize their dissimilarity. This test method is considered applicable for testing a selected single size of different coals, for testing different single sizes of the same coal, and for mixed sizes of the same or different coals.
Note 1: By single sizes, it is meant those with fixed upper and lower sieve opening limits, selected from those designated in 4.2; and by mixed sizes, it is meant either “slack” or a mixture of two or more single sizes.
1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring the relative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal when handled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car, from loading boom to railroad car, from shovel to chute, etc. While it may not be so well adapted for measuring the liability to breakage of coal when handled in mass, as in unloading open-bottom cars, emptying bins, etc., it is believed that the test method will serve also to indicate the relative size stability of composite sizes of coal where, in commercial handling, the smaller sized pieces have a cushioning effect which tends to lessen the breakage of the larger pieces of coal.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
´1
Designation: D440 − 07 (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method of
Drop Shatter Test for Coal
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D440; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
ε NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in December 2019.
1. Scope 1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units shall be regarded
2 as the standard. Mass may be expressed in metric values.
1.1 This test method of drop shatter test covers the deter-
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
mination of the relative size stability and its complement, the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
friability, of sized coal. It affords a means of indicating the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
ability of coal to withstand breakage when subjected to
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
handling at the mine and during transit to the consumer. The
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test method is serviceable for ascertaining the similarity of
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
coals in respect to size stability and friability rather than for
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
determining values within narrow limits in order to emphasize
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
theirdissimilarity.Thistestmethodisconsideredapplicablefor
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
testing a selected single size of different coals, for testing
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
different single sizes of the same coal, and for mixed sizes of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the same or different coals.
NOTE 1—By single sizes, it is meant those with fixed upper and lower
2. Referenced Documents
sieve opening limits, selected from those designated in 4.2; and by mixed
sizes, it is meant either “slack” or a mixture of two or more single sizes. 2.1 ASTM Standards:
D3038 Test Method for Drop Shatter Test for Coke
1.2 This test method appears best suited for measuring the
D4749 Test Method for Performing the Sieve Analysis of
relative resistance to breakage of the larger sizes of coal when
Coal and Designating Coal Size
handled in thin layers such as from loader to mine car, from
E11 Specification for Woven Wire Test Sieve Cloth and Test
loading boom to railroad car, from shovel to chute, etc. While
Sieves
it may not be so well adapted for measuring the liability to
E323 Specification for Perforated-Plate Sieves for Testing
breakage of coal when handled in mass, as in unloading
Purposes
open-bottom cars, emptying bins, etc., it is believed that the
test method will serve also to indicate the relative size stability
3. Significance and Use
of composite sizes of coal where, in commercial handling, the
3.1 The values determined in this test method, when evalu-
smaller sized pieces have a cushioning effect which tends to
ated in terms of pertinent experience with other coals, may be
lessen the breakage of the larger pieces of coal.
used as indications of the extent to which coal will break in
conventional transit and handling beyond the point of sam-
pling.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.07 on Physical
4. Apparatus
Characteristics of Coal.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally
4.1 Shatter Test Machine, which is the same as that de-
approved in 1937. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D440 – 07(2012).
scribed and illustrated in Test Method D3038, shall consist of
DOI: 10.1520/D0440-07R19E01.
For information concerning the development and utilization of this drop shatter
a box 18 in. (457 mm) in width, 28 in. (711 mm) in length, and
test method for coal, the following references may be consulted:
approximately 15 in. (381 mm) in depth, supported above a
Smith, C. M., “An Investigation of the Friability of Different Coals,” University
rigidly mounted cast iron or steel plate not less than ⁄2 in.
of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station, Bulletin No. 196 UIBBA (1929); “The
Friability of Illinois Coals,” University of Illinois, Engineering Experiment Station,
Bulletin No. 218 UIBBA (1930).
Yancey, H. F., and Zane, R. E., “Comparison of Methods for Determining the For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Friability of Coal,” U.S. Bureau of Mines, Report of Investigations 3215 (1933). contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Gilmore, R. E., Nicolls, J. H. H., and Connell, G. P., “Coal Friability Tests,” Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Canadian Department of Mines, Mines Branch, No. 762 (1935). the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
´1
D440 − 07 (2019)
NOTE 1—1 in. = 25.4 mm
FIG. 1 Shatter Test Machine
(12.7 mm) in thickness, 38 in. (965 mm) in width, and 48 in. may be of either hardwood or metal, and may be square,
(1219 mm) in length. The inside of the bottom of the box shall rectangular, or circular. A nest comprising all the sieves in the
be 6 ft (1.83 m) above the plate. The bottom of the box shall series, with 2 ft (610 mm) square plates, that is, of 4 ft
consist of two doors hinged lengthwise and latched so that they (0.37 m ) area, is recommended, although plates with areas of
2 2 2 2
will swing open freely and not impede the fall of the coal. 6ft to 9 ft (0.56 m to 0.84 m ), are suitable.
Boardsabout8 in.(200 mm)inheightshouldbeplacedaround
theplatesothatnocoalislost.Topreventthebreakageofcoal, 5. Samples
which may occur while placing the sample into the box, the
5.1 CollectionofGrossSample—Collectthegrosssamplein
box shall be constructed so that it can be lowered to a
accordance with Sections 5 through 7 of Test Method D4749.
convenient level; this is best done by means of a pulley and
In order that the entire quantity of the coal sampled will be
counterweight. A convenient form of shatter test machine is
represented proportionately in the gross sample, collect incre-
shown in Fig. 1.
ments regularly and systematically. When testing coal as
4.2 Sieves—Round-hole sieves selected from the following mined, take the sample at the mine before it is subjected to
1 3 1
sizes, 8 in., 6 in., 4 in., 3 in., 2 in., 1 ⁄2 in., 1 in., ⁄4 in., ⁄2 in., screening and to loading into cars at the tipple. When testing
1 1
⁄4 in., and ⁄8 in., shall be used. These sieves shall conform to coals subsequent to mining, the sample may be taken at any
Specification E11 or Specification E323. Frames for the sieves stage in the transportation from the mine to the place at which
´1
D440 − 07 (2019)
it is to be used. For the correct interpretation of the shatter test 6.2 Weigh the coal remaining on each sieve, and that which
results, note the elapsed time since mining as well as a record passes through the bottom sieve either separately or in a
of the handling and storage of the coal. cumulative manner on a scale sensitive to ⁄4 lb (100 g) or less.
Bythecumulativemethod,weighthelargestpiecesintoatared
5.2 Preparation of Laboratory Sample:
container and add each successive smaller size to this. Weigh
5.2.1 Usingthesievesdesignatedin4.2,makeapreliminary
the total amount after each addition.
sieving of a representative portion or all of the gross sample
6.2.1 If the final net weight so obtained shows a loss of over
and retain the sieved sizes separately. Sieve successive repre-
1 %, reject the test and make another. In each case where the
sentative portions of the gross sample to obtain at least 200 lb
loss is less than 1 %, it shall be considered as material passing
(90 kg) of the single size selected for te
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.