ASTM D4986-22
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Materials
Standard Test Method for Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric Materials
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides a means of measuring the time and extent of burning for cellular polymeric materials. It also provides a means of measuring burning rates for materials that continue to burn past the specified gage marks.
5.2 This test method provides a means of comparing the burning characteristics of materials of like thickness density, cell size, and skin irregularities, including the effect of falling particles of cellular polymeric materials. It is suitable for quality control, specification acceptance, and for research and development. Examples include filled or reinforced, rigid or flexible, or cut or formed materials
5.3 In this test method, the specimens are subjected to one or more specific sets of laboratory fire test exposure conditions. If different test conditions are substituted or if the anticipated end-use conditions are changed, it is not always possible from this test method to predict changes in the performance characteristics measured. Therefore, the results are strictly valid only for the fire test exposure conditions described in this procedure.
5.4 This test method is not intended to be a criterion for fire hazard. The fire hazard created by materials depends upon the form and end use of the material. Assessment of fire hazard includes, but is not limited to, many factors such as flame spread, burning rate, ease of ignition, fuel contribution, heat evolution, products of combustion, and others.
SCOPE
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the relative rate of burning and the extent and time of burning of horizontally oriented cellular polymeric materials having a density less than 250 kg/m3.
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards applicable to such end-product.
1.3 The classification system described in the Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component materials for products.
1.4 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.1.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these tests.
Note 1: This test method is equivalent to ISO 9772.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D4986 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method
for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine
2. Referenced Documents
the relative rate of burning and the extent and time of burning
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of horizontally oriented cellular polymeric materials having a
3
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
density less than 250 kg/m .
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary
Plastics
indicationoftheiracceptabilitywithrespecttoflammabilityfor
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method
a particular application. The final acceptance of the material is
Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing
dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with
Industries
the standards applicable to such end-product.
D5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-
1.3 The classification system described in the Appendix X1
Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
component materials for products.
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire Cloth
1.4 This standard measures and describes the response of
3
materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under
2.2 ISO Standard:
controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all ISO 9772 Cellular Plastics—Determination of Horizontal
factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the
Burning Characteristics of Small Specimens Subjected to
materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. a Small Flame
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
standard.
3. Terminology
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, the defi-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
nitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
D883. For terms relating to fire, the definitions in this test
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
method are in accordance with Terminology E176 and
For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.1.
ISO 13943. In case of conflict, the definitions given in Termi-
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safe-
nology E176 shall prevail. For terms relating to precision and
guards for personnel and property shall be employed in
bias and associated issues, the terms used in this test method
conducting these tests.
are in accordance with the definitions in Terminology E456.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 9772.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.8 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- 3.2.1 afterflame, n—flame that persists after the ignition
source has been removed.
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published May 2022. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2020 as D4986 – 20. DOI: Available fromAmerican National Standards Institute (ANSI), 25 W. 43rd St.,
10.1520/D4986-22. 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036, http://www.ansi.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4986 − 20 D4986 − 22
Standard Test Method for
Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Cellular Polymeric
1
Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4986; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This fire-test-response standard contains a test method for small-scale laboratory procedures to be used to determine the
relative rate of burning and the extent and time of burning of horizontally oriented cellular polymeric materials having a density
3
less than 250 kg/m .
1.2 The results are intended to serve as a preliminary indication of their acceptability with respect to flammability for a particular
application. The final acceptance of the material is dependent upon its use in the end-product that conforms with the standards
applicable to such end-product.
1.3 The classification system described in the Appendix X1 is intended for quality assurance and the preselection of component
materials for products.
1.4 This standard measures and describes the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled
conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products,
or assemblies under actual fire conditions.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement, see 6.1.1.
1.7 Fire testing is inherently hazardous. Adequate safeguards for personnel and property shall be employed in conducting these
tests.
NOTE 1—This test method is equivalent to ISO 9772.
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.30 on Thermal Properties.
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2020May 1, 2022. Published March 2020May 2022. Originally approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 20182020 as
D4986 – 18.D4986 – 20. DOI: 10.1520/D4986-20.10.1520/D4986-22.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4986 − 22
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1622 Test Method for Apparent Density of Rigid Cellular Plastics
D4483 Practice for Evaluating Precision for Test Method Standards in the Rubber and Carbon Black Manufacturing Industries
D5025 Specification for Laboratory Burner Used for Small-Scale Burning Tests on Plastic Materials
E176 Terminology of Fire Standards
E456 Terminology Relating to Quality and Statistics
E2016 Specification for Industrial Woven Wire Cloth
3
2.2 ISO Standard:
ISO 9772 Cellular Plastics—Determination of Horizontal Burning Characteristics of Small Specimens Subjected to a Small
Flame
ISO 13943 Fire Safety—Vocabulary
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 For definitions of terms relating to plastics, the definitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology D883. For
terms relating to fire, the definitions in this test method are in accordance with Terminology E176 and ISO 13943. In case of
conflict, the definitions given in Terminology E176 shall prevail. For terms relating to precision and bias and associated issues, the
terms used in this test method are in accordance with the definitions in Terminology E456.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 afterflame, n—flame that persists after the ignition source has been removed.
3.2.2 afterflame time, n—the length of time for which a material continues to flame, under specified conditions, after the ignition
source has been removed.
3.2.
...
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