ASTM D2422-97(2018)
(Classification)Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
ABSTRACT
This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc. This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment. The lubricants shall be classified according to viscosity grades: ISO VG 2; ISO VG 3; ISO VG 5; ISO VG 7; ISO VG 10; ISO VG 15; ISO VG 22; ISO VG 32; ISO VG 46; ISO VG 68; ISO VG 100; ISO VG 150; ISO VG 220; ISO VG 320; ISO VG 460; ISO VG 680; ISO VG 1000; ISO VG 1500; ISO VG 2200; and ISO VG 3200.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscosity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and equipment designers will have a uniform and common basis for designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial fluid lubricants.
3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified intermediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of viscosity grades used in the lubrication of industrial equipment.
3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the viscosity characteristics of each grade.
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with an SAE number.
SCOPE
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in kinematic viscosity from 2 cSt to 3200 cSt (mm2/s) as measured at a reference temperature of 40 °C. In the category of petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosene to heavy cylinder oils.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial lubricants. Should industrial practices change, then this system, based on a mathematical series of numbers, may be extended to retain its orderly progression.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2422 −97 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Classification of
Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2422; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2.2 SAE Standard:
J 300 Engine Oil Viscosity Classification
1.1 This classification is applicable to all petroleum-base
2.3 ISO Standard:
fluid lubricants and to those nonpetroleum materials which
ISO 3448 Industrial Liquid Lubricants—ISOViscosity Clas-
may be readily blended to produce fluid lubricants of a desired
sification
viscosity, that is, lubricants for bearings, gears, compressor
cylinders, hydraulic fluids, etc.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 This classification is applicable to fluids ranging in
3.1 This classification establishes a series of definite viscos-
kinematic viscosity from 2 cSt to 3200 cSt (mm /s) as mea-
ity levels so that lubricant suppliers, lubricant users, and
sured at a reference temperature of 40 °C. In the category of
equipmentdesignerswillhaveauniformandcommonbasisfor
petroleum-base fluids, this covers the range from kerosene to
designating, specifying, or selecting the viscosity of industrial
heavy cylinder oils.
fluid lubricants.
1.3 Fluids of either lesser or greater viscosity than the range
3.2 This classification is used to eliminate unjustified inter-
described in 1.2 are, at present, seldom used as industrial
mediate viscosities, thereby reducing the total number of
lubricants.Shouldindustrialpracticeschange,thenthissystem,
viscositygradesusedinthelubricationofindustrialequipment.
basedonamathematicalseriesofnumbers,maybeextendedto
3.3 This system provides a suitable number of viscosity
retain its orderly progression.
grades, a uniform reference temperature, a uniform viscosity
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
tolerance, and a nomenclature system for identifying the
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
viscosity characteristics of each grade.
standard.
3.4 This system implies no evaluation of lubricant quality
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
and applies to no property of a fluid other than its viscosity at
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
the reference temperature. It does not apply to those lubricants
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
used primarily with automotive equipment and identified with
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
an SAE number.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4. Basis of Classification
4.1 Twenty viscosity grades are given in Table 1.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Each grade shall be designated by its nominal viscosity
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at 40 °C.
D341 Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid
Petroleum Products
4.3 Thepermissiblevarianceinviscosityofeachgradeshall
be as shown in the two right-hand columns of Table 1. These
limits are based upon a 610 % deviation from the mathemati-
cal values which were used as the basis of construction of this
system.
This classification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
4.4 The lubricant supplier may choose to exert a manufac-
Subcommittee D02.L0.11 on Tribological Properties of Industrial Fluids and
turing control on a given product that is closer than this 610 %
Lubricates.
tolerance. It is to be understood that any different percentage
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2018. Published November 2018. Originally
approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D2422 – 97 (2013).
DOI: 10.1520/D2422-97R18.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from SAE International (SAE), 400 Commonwealth Dr.,Warrendale,
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM PA 15096-0001, http://www.sae.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Sum
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