ASTM D341-93(1998)

Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products

SCOPE
1.1 The kinematic viscosity-temperature charts  covered by this standard are a convenient means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known.  
1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341-43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 09-Apr-1998
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.07 - Flow Properties

Relations

• Replaced By: ASTM D341-03 - Standard Test Method for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2003
• Referred By: ASTM D8210-22 - Standard Test Method for Automatic Determination of Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants Using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7042-21a - Standard Test Method for Dynamic Viscosity and Density of Liquids by Stabinger Viscometer (and the Calculation of Kinematic Viscosity)
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7110-21 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Viscosity-Temperature Relationship of Used and Soot-Containing Engine Oils at Low Temperatures
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7152-11(2016)e1 - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity of a Blend of Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7945-21a - Standard Test Method for Determination of Dynamic Viscosity and Derived Kinematic Viscosity of Liquids by Constant Pressure Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2270-10(2016) - Standard Practice for Calculating Viscosity Index from Kinematic Viscosity at 40 °C and 100 °C
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2422-97(2018) - Standard Classification of Industrial Fluid Lubricants by Viscosity System
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2983-22 - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Viscosity of Automatic Transmission Fluids, Hydraulic Fluids, and Lubricants using a Rotational Viscometer
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2170/D2170M-22 - Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Asphalts
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D5133-20a - Standard Test Method for Low Temperature, Low Shear Rate, Viscosity/Temperature Dependence of Lubricating Oils Using a Temperature-Scanning Technique
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D6074-15(2022) - Standard Guide for Characterizing Hydrocarbon Lubricant Base Oils
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D7416-09(2020) - Standard Practice for Analysis of In-Service Lubricants Using a Particular Five-Part (Dielectric Permittivity, Time-Resolved Dielectric Permittivity with Switching Magnetic Fields, Laser Particle Counter, Microscopic Debris Analysis, and Orbital Viscometer) Integrated Tester
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998
• Referred By: ASTM D2493/D2493M-16 - Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Chart for Asphalt Binders
• Effective Date: 10-Apr-1998

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 341 – 93 (Reapproved 1998)
Standard
Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Adjunct D 341, Viscosity-Temperature Charts 1–7
1.1 The kinematic viscosity-temperature charts (see Figs. 1
and 2) covered by this standard are a convenient means to
3. Technical Hazard
ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid
3.1 Caution—The charts should be used only in that range
hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, pro-
in which the hydrocarbon or petroleum fluids are homogeneous
vided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are
liquids. The suggested range is thus between the cloud point at
known.
low temperatures and the initial boiling point at higher tem-
1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kine-
peratures. The charts provide improved linearity in both low
matic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The
kinematic viscosity and at temperatures up to 340°C (approxi-
charts here presented provide a significant improvement in
mately 650°F) or higher. Some high-boiling point materials can
linearity over the charts previously available under Method
show a small deviation from a straight line as low as 280°C
D 341 – 43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to
(approximately 550°F), depending on the individual sample or
higher temperatures.
accuracy of the data. Reliable data can be usefully plotted in
2. Referenced Documents the high temperature region even if it does exhibit some
curvature. Extrapolations into such regions from lower tem-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
peratures will lack accuracy, however. Experimental data taken
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
below the cloud point or temperature of crystal growth will
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
generally not be of reliable repeatability for interpolation or
ity)
extrapolation on the charts. It should also be emphasized that
fluids other than hydrocarbons will usually not plot as a straight
These charts are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum line on these charts.
Products and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.07
on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved March 15, 1993. Published May 1993. Originally
published as D 341–32T. Last previous edition D 341–89. Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01. ADJD0341CS.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 341 – 93 (1998)
FIG. 1 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart I High Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
D 341 – 93 (1998)
FIG. 2 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart II Low Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
4. Description
Temperature: − 100 to + 700°F
Size: 520 by 820 mm (20.5 by 32.25 in.)
4.1 The charts are designed to permit kinematic viscosity-
Pad of 50
temperature data for a petroleum oil or fraction, and hydrocar-
ADJD034106
Chart VII—Kinematic Viscosity, Middle Range:
bons in general, to plot as a straight line over a wide range.
Kinematic Viscosity: 3 to 200 000 cSt
Seven charts are available as follows:
Temperature: − 40 to + 150°C
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 by 11.0 in.)
Chart I—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt Pad of 50
ADJD034107
Temperature: − 70 to + 370°C
Size: 680 by 820 mm (26.75 by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
4.2 Charts I, II, V, and VI are preferred when convenience
ADJD034101
Chart II— Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
and accuracy of plotting are desired. Chart VII is the middle
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 6.5 cSt
range section of Chart I at somewhat reduced scale. It is
Temperature: − 70 to + 370°C
provided for convenience in connection with reports and data
Size: 520 by 820 mm (20.5 by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
evaluation. Charts III and IV are the same as Charts I and II and
ADJD034102
are provided in greatly reduced scale for convenience in
Chart III—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
connection with reports or quick evaluation of data. These
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt
Temperature: − 70 to + 370°C
latter charts are not recommended for use where the most
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 by 11.0 in.)
accurate interpolations or extrapolations are desired.
Pad of 50
ADJD034103
Chart IV—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
5. Procedure
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 6.5 cSt
5.1 Plot two known kinematic viscosity-temperature points
Temperature: − 70 to + 370°C
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 to 11.0 in.)
on the chart. Draw a sharply defined straight line through them.
Pad of 50
A point on this line, within the range defined in Section 3,
ADJD034104
Chart V—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range: shows the kinematic viscosity at the corresponding desired
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt
temperature and vice versa.
Temperature: − 100 to + 700°F
Size: 680 by 820 mm (26.75 by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034105
Chart VI—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
If the kinematic viscosities are not known, they should be determined in
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 3.0 cSt
accordance with Test Method D 445.
D 341 – 93 (1998)
6. Extrapolation may seriously affect the accuracy of extrapolated points,
particularly if the difference between an extrapolated tempera-
6.1 Kinematic viscosity-temperature points on the extrapo-
ture and the nearest temperature of determination is greater
lated portion of the line, but still within the range defined in
than the difference between the two temperatures of determi-
Section 3, are satisfactory provided the kinematic viscosity-
nation. In extreme cases, an additional determination at a third
temperature line is located quite accurately. For purposes of
temperature is advisable.
extrapolation, it is especially important that the two known
7. Keywords
kinematic viscosity-temperature points be far apart. If these
two points are not sufficiently far apart, experimental errors in 7.1 charts; kinematic viscosity; MacCoull; viscosity;
the kinematic viscosity determinations and in drawing the line
viscosity-temperature charts
APPENDIXES
(Nonmandatory Information)
X1. MATHEMATICAL RELATIONSHIPS
X1.1 The charts were derived with computer assistance to physically measuring the slope of the kinematic viscosity-
provide linearity over a greater range on the basis of the most temperature data plotted on the older charts given in Method
reliable of modern data. The general relationship is: D 341 – 43. The kinematic viscosity and temperature scales
were not made to the same ratios in Method D 341 – 43. The
log log Z 5 A 2 B log T (X1.1)
improved charts given here utilize even different scale ratios
where:
for dimensional convenience and a different constant (0.7)
Z =(v + 0.7 + C − D + E − F + G − H),
from the older charts; consequently, the original ASTM Slope
log = logarithm to base 10,
is not numerically equivalent to B in Eq X1.1 from any of the
v = kinematic viscosity, cSt (or mm /s),
new charts, nor directly convertible from Eq X1.1.
T = temperature, K or °R,
A and B = constants,
X1.4 The complete design equation for the chart as given in
C = exp (−1.14883 − 2.65868v),
X1.1 is not useful for inter-calculations of kinematic viscosity
D = exp (−0.0038138 − 12.5645v),
and temperature over the full chart kinematic viscosity range.
E = exp (5.46491 − 37.6289v),
More convenient equations which agree closely with the chart
F = exp (13.0458 − 74.6851v),
scale are given below. These are necessary when calculations
G = exp (37.4619 − 192.643v), and
involve kinematic viscosities smaller than 2.0 cSt.
H = exp (80.4945 − 400.468v).
log
...