ASTM D341-09(2015)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
Standard Practice for Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum Products
ABSTRACT
This test method details the standard procedure for plotting viscosity-temperature charts that ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers kinematic viscosity-temperature charts (see Figs. 1 and 2), which are a convenient means to ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known.
1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341–43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures.
1.3 The values provided in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
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Designation: D341 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of DynamicViscos-
1.1 This practice covers kinematic viscosity-temperature
ity)
charts (see Figs. 1 and 2), which are a convenient means to
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
ascertain the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid
Viscosity-Temperature Charts 1–7
hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, pro-
vided that the kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are
3. Technical Hazard
known.
3.1 Warning—Thechartsshouldbeusedonlyinthatrange
1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kine-
inwhichthehydrocarbonorpetroleumfluidsarehomogeneous
matic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The
liquids.The suggested range is thus between the cloud point at
charts here presented provide a significant improvement in
low temperatures and the initial boiling point at higher tem-
linearity over the charts previously available under Method
peratures. The charts provide improved linearity in both low
D341–43. This increases the reliability of extrapolation to
kinematicviscosityandattemperaturesupto340°C(approxi-
higher temperatures.
mately 650°F) or higher. Some high-boiling point materials
1.3 The values provided in SI units are to be regarded as
can show a small deviation from a straight line as low as
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
280°C (approximately 550°F), depending on the individual
information only.
sample or accuracy of the data. Reliable data can be usefully
plotted in the high temperature region even if it does exhibit
2. Referenced Documents
some curvature. Extrapolations into such regions from lower
2.1 ASTM Standards:
temperatures will lack accuracy, however. Experimental data
taken below the cloud point or temperature of crystal growth
This practice is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum
will generally not be of reliable repeatability for interpolation
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
or extrapolation on the charts. It should also be emphasized
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
that fluids other than hydrocarbons will usually not plot as a
Current edition approved June 1, 2015. Published June 2015. Originally
approved in 1932. Last previous edition approved in 2009 as D341–09. DOI: straight line on these charts.
10.1520/D0341-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No.
the ASTM website. ADJD0341CS. Original adjunct produced in 1965.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D341 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 1 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart I High Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
D341 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 2 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart II Low Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
D341 − 09 (2015)
4. Description provided for convenience in connection with reports and data
evaluation.ChartsIIIandIVarethesameasChartsIandIIand
4.1 The charts are designed to permit kinematic viscosity-
are provided in greatly reduced scale for convenience in
temperature data for a petroleum oil or fraction, and hydrocar-
connection with reports or quick evaluation of data. These
bons in general, to plot as a straight line over a wide range.
3 latter charts are not recommended for use where the most
Seven charts are available as follows:
accurate interpolations or extrapolations are desired.
Chart I—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
5. Procedure
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
Size: 680 mm by 820 mm (26.75 in. by 32.25 in.)
5.1 Plot two known kinematic viscosity-temperature points
Pad of 50
onthechart.Drawasharplydefinedstraightlinethroughthem.
ADJD034101
Chart II—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
A point on this line, within the range defined in Section 3,
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 6.5 cSt
shows the kinematic viscosity at the corresponding desired
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
temperature and vice versa.
Size: 520 mm by 820 mm (20.5 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
5.2 Alternatively, the interpolated and extrapolated kine-
ADJD034102
Chart III—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range: matic viscosities and temperatures may be calculated as
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
described in Annex A1, within the range identified for the
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
charts in Section 3.
Size: 217 mm by 280 mm (8.5 in. by 11.0 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034103 6. Extrapolation
Chart IV—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
6.1 Kinematic viscosity-temperature points on the extrapo-
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 6.5 cSt
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
lated portion of the line, but still within the range defined in
Size: 217 mm by 280 mm (8.5 in. to 11.0 in.)
Section 3, are satisfactory provided the kinematic viscosity-
Pad of 50
temperature line is located quite accurately. For purposes of
ADJD034104
Chart V—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
extrapolation, it is especially important that the two known
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
kinematic viscosity-temperature points be far apart. If these
Temperature: −100 °F to +700 °F
two points are not sufficiently far apart, experimental errors in
Size: 680 mm by 820 mm (26.75 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
the kinematic viscosity determinations and in drawing the line
ADJD034105
may seriously affect the accuracy of extrapolated points,
Chart VI—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
particularly if the difference between an extrapolated tempera-
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 3.0 cSt
Temperature: −100 °F to +700 °F
ture and the nearest temperature of determination is greater
Size: 520 mm by 820 mm (20.5 in. by 32.25 in.)
than the difference between the two temperatures of determi-
Pad of 50
ADJD034106 nation. In extreme cases, an additional determination at a third
Chart
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D341 − 09 D341 − 09 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Practice for
Viscosity-Temperature Charts for Liquid Petroleum
Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D341; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*Scope
1.1 This practice covers kinematic viscosity-temperature charts (see Figs. 1 and 2), which are a convenient means to ascertain
the kinematic viscosity of a petroleum oil or liquid hydrocarbon at any temperature within a limited range, provided that the
kinematic viscosities at two temperatures are known.
1.2 The charts are designed to permit petroleum oil kinematic viscosity-temperature data to plot as a straight line. The charts
here presented provide a significant improvement in linearity over the charts previously available under Method D341–43. This
increases the reliability of extrapolation to higher temperatures.
1.3 The values provided in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscosity)
2.2 ASTM Adjuncts:
Viscosity-Temperature Charts 1–7
3. Technical Hazard
3.1 Warning—The charts should be used only in that range in which the hydrocarbon or petroleum fluids are homogeneous
liquids. The suggested range is thus between the cloud point at low temperatures and the initial boiling point at higher temperatures.
The charts provide improved linearity in both low kinematic viscosity and at temperatures up to 340°C340 °C (approximately
650°F)650 °F) or higher. Some high-boiling point materials can show a small deviation from a straight line as low as 280°C280 °C
(approximately 550°F),550 °F), depending on the individual sample or accuracy of the data. Reliable data can be usefully plotted
in the high temperature region even if it does exhibit some curvature. Extrapolations into such regions from lower temperatures
will lack accuracy, however. Experimental data taken below the cloud point or temperature of crystal growth will generally not
be of reliable repeatability for interpolation or extrapolation on the charts. It should also be emphasized that fluids other than
hydrocarbons will usually not plot as a straight line on these charts.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D02.07 on Flow Properties.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2009June 1, 2015. Published November 2009June 2015. Originally approved in 1932. Last previous edition approved in 20032009 as
D341D341 – 09.–03. DOI: 10.1520/D0341-09.10.1520/D0341-09R15.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Available from ASTM International Headquarters. Order Adjunct No. ADJD0341CS. Original adjunct produced in 1965.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D341 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 1 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart I High Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
D341 − 09 (2015)
FIG. 2 Facsimile of Kinematic Viscosity-Temperature Chart II Low Range (Temperature in degrees Celsius)
D341 − 09 (2015)
4. Description
4.1 The charts are designed to permit kinematic viscosity-temperature data for a petroleum oil or fraction, and hydrocarbons
in general, to plot as a straight line over a wide range. Seven charts are available as follows:
Chart I—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
Temperature: −70 to +370°C
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
Size: 680 by 820 mm (26.75 by 32.25 in.)
Size: 680 mm by 820 mm (26.75 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034101
Chart II—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 6.5 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 6.5 cSt
Temperature: −70 to +370°C
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
Size: 520 by 820 mm (20.5 by 32.25 in.)
Size: 520 mm by 820 mm (20.5 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034102
Chart III—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
Temperature: −70 to +370°C
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 by 11.0 in.)
Size: 217 mm by 280 mm (8.5 in. by 11.0 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034103
Chart IV—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 6.5 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 6.5 cSt
Temperature: −70 to +370°C
Temperature: −70 °C to +370 °C
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 to 11.0 in.)
Size: 217 mm by 280 mm (8.5 in. to 11.0 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034104
Chart V—Kinematic Viscosity, High Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 to 20 000 000 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.3 cSt to 20 000 000 cSt
Temperature: −100 to +700°F
Temperature: −100 °F to +700 °F
Size: 680 by 820 mm (26.75 by 32.25 in.)
Size: 680 mm by 820 mm (26.75 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034105
Chart VI—Kinematic Viscosity, Low Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 to 3.0 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 0.18 cSt to 3.0 cSt
Temperature: −100 to +700°F
Temperature: −100 °F to +700 °F
Size: 520 by 820 mm (20.5 by 32.25 in.)
Size: 520 mm by 820 mm (20.5 in. by 32.25 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034106
Chart VII—Kinematic Viscosity, Middle Range:
Kinematic Viscosity: 3 to 200 000 cSt
Kinematic Viscosity: 3 cSt to 200 000 cSt
Temperature: −40 to +150°C
Temperature: −40 °C to +150 °C
Size: 217 by 280 mm (8.5 by 11.0 in.)
Size: 217 mm by 280 mm (8.5 in. by 11.0 in.)
Pad of 50
ADJD034107
4.2 Charts I, II, V, and VI are preferred when convenience and accuracy of plotting are desired. Chart VII is the middle range
section of Chart I at somewhat reduced scale. It is provided for convenience in connection with reports and data evaluation. Charts
III and IV are the same as Charts I and II and are provided in greatly reduced scale for convenience in connection with reports
or quick evaluation of data. These latter charts are not recommended for use where the most accurate interpolations or
extrapolations are desired.
D341 − 09 (2015)
5. Procedure
5.1 Plot two known kinematic viscosity-temperature points on the chart. Draw a sharply defined straight line through them. A
point on this line, within the range defined in Section 3, shows the kinematic viscosity at the corresponding desired temperature
and vice versa.
5.2 Alternatively, the interpolated and extrapolated kinematic viscosities and temperatures may be calculated as described in
Annex A1, within the range identified for the charts in Section 3.
6. Extrapolation
6.1 Kinematic viscosity-
...
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