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ASTM D6985-04

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications

Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers one grade of 100 % middle distillate fuel oil (no residual contamination), Grade No. 2-LTD, for use in off-road applications requiring long-term storage stability. This grade of middle distillate fuel is similar to Specification D 975, Grade No. 2-D but with additional properties specified to provide storage stability, as well as other properties required by specific end use applications. This grade is intended for off-road applications such as military marine use (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications), emergency generators (military or commercial), as well as any other uses that require storage stable middle distillate fuel.
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of middle distillate fuel at the time and place of delivery. Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be more restrictive.
1.3 During handling and use of all middle distillate fuels, the generation and dissipation of static electricity can create fire and explosion hazards. For more information on this subject see Guide D 4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Mar-2004
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D6985-04a - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7451-21 - Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Apr-2004

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ASTM D6985-04 - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine ApplicationsASTM D6985-04 - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications
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ASTM D6985-04 - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation: D 6985 – 04
Standard Specification for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Oil—Military Marine Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Atmospheric Pressure
D 93 Test Methods for Flash-Point by Pensky-Martens
1.1 This specification covers one grade of 100 % middle
Closed Cup Tester
distillate fuel oil (no residual contamination), Grade No.
D 129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
2-LTD, for use in off-road applications requiring long-term
eral Bomb Method)
storage stability. This grade of middle distillate fuel is similar
D 130 Test Method for Detection of Copper Corrosion from
to Specification D 975, Grade No. 2-D but with additional
Petroleum Products by the Copper Strip Tarnish Test
propertiesspecifiedtoprovidestoragestability,aswellasother
D 445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
properties required by specific end use applications.This grade
and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
is intended for off-road applications such as military marine
ity)
use (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/
D 482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications), emer-
D 524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
gencygenerators(militaryorcommercial),aswellasanyother
Petroleum Products
uses that require storage stable middle distillate fuel.
D 613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
D 975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
D 976 Test Methods for Calculated Cetane Index of Distil-
required properties of middle distillate fuel at the time and
late Fuels
place of delivery. Nothing in this specification shall preclude
D 1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be
(Lamp Method)
more restrictive.
D 1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
1.3 During handling and use of all middle distillate fuels,
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
the generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
fire and explosion hazards. For more information on this
D 1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
subject see Guide D 4865.
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
D 1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
standard.
(High-Temperature Method)
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
D 2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
2. Referenced Documents
D 3117 Test Method forWaxAppearance Point of Distillate
2
Fuels
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D 3828 TestMethodsforFlashPointbySmallScaleClosed
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point byTag Closed CupTester
Cup Tester
D 86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
D 4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Products by Energy-Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
trometry
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
Current edition approved April 1, 2004. Published May 2004.
D 4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(Micro Method)
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6985–04
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil—
D 4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
A,B
Militar
...

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5.1 The combustion quality of aviation turbine fuel has traditionally been controlled in specifications by such tests as smoke point (see Test Method D1322), smoke volatility index, aromatic content of luminometer number (see Test Method D1740). Evidence is accumulating that a better control of the quality may be obtained by limiting the minimum hydrogen content of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels.  
1.2 Use Test Methods D4808 or D7171 for the determination of hydrogen in other petroleum liquids.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
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1.1 This guide provides procedures to develop data for use in research reports for new aviation gasolines or new aviation gasoline additives.  
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1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
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5.1 Some acids can be present in aviation turbine fuels due either to the acid treatment during the refining process or to naturally occurring organic acids. Significant acid contamination is not likely to be present because of the many check tests made during the various stages of refining. However, trace amounts of acid can be present and are undesirable because of the consequent tendencies of the fuel to corrode metals that it contacts or to impair the water separation characteristics of the aviation turbine fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the acidity in aviation turbine fuel in the range from 0.000 mg/g to 0.100 mg/g KOH.  
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1.3 This test method is limited to the use of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectrometers employing an X-ray tube for excitation in conjunction with wavelength dispersive detection system or energy dispersive high resolution semiconductor detector with the ability to separate signals of adjacent and near-adjacent elements.  
1.4 This test method uses inter-element correction factors calculated from XRF theory, the fundamental parameters (FP) approach, or best fit regression.  
1.5 Samples containing higher concentrations than shown in Table 1 must be diluted to bring the elemental concentration of the diluted material within the scope of this test method.  
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1.6.1 The preferred concentrations units are mg/kg for vanadium and nickel.  
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5.1 The analysis of trace oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition engine fuel has become routine in certain areas to ensure compliance whenever oxygenated fuels are used. In addition, test methods to measure trace levels of oxygenates in automotive spark-ignition fuel are necessary to assess product quality.
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Standard Test Methods for Hydrogen Content of Light Distillates, Middle Distillates, Gas Oils, and Residua by Low-Resolution Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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5.1 The hydrogen content represents a fundamental quality of a petroleum product that has been correlated with many of the performance characteristics of that product.  
5.2 This test method provides a simple and more precise alternative to existing test methods, specifically combustion techniques (Test Methods D5291) for determining the hydrogen content on a range of petroleum products.
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1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the hydrogen content of petroleum products ranging from atmospheric distillates to vacuum residua using a continuous wave, low-resolution nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. (Test Method D3701 is the preferred method for determining the hydrogen content of aviation turbine fuels using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.)  
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B  
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Gas Oils  
370–510 (700–950)  
C  
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5.1 The tendency of a fuel to vaporize in automotive engine fuel systems is indicated by the vapor-liquid ratio of the fuel.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the temperature at which the vapor formed from a selected volume of volatile petroleum product saturated with air at 0 °C to 1 °C (32 °F to 34 °F) produces a pressure of 101.3 kPa (one atmosphere) against vacuum. This test method is applicable to samples for which the determined temperature is between 36 °C and 80 °C (97 °F and 176 °F) and the vapor-liquid ratio is between 8 to 1 and 75 to 1.
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1.2.1 Some gasoline-oxygenate blends may show a haze when cooled to 0 °C to 1 °C. If a haze is observed in 12.5, it shall be indicated in the reporting of results. The precision and bias statements for hazy samples have not been determined (see Note 12).  
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ASTM D5001-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Lubricity of Aviation Turbine Fuels by the Ball-on-Cylinder Lubricity Evaluator (BOCLE)

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5.1 Wear due to excessive friction resulting in shortened life of engine components such as fuel pumps and fuel controls has sometimes been ascribed to lack of lubricity in an aviation fuel.  
5.2 The relationship of test results to aviation fuel system component distress due to wear has been demonstrated for some fuel/hardware combinations where boundary lubrication is a factor in the operation of the component.  
5.3 The wear scar generated in the ball-on-cylinder lubricity evaluator (BOCLE) test is sensitive to contamination of the fluids and test materials, the presence of oxygen and water in the atmosphere, and the temperature of the test. Lubricity measurements are also sensitive to trace materials acquired during sampling and storage. Containers specified in Practice D4306 shall be used.  
5.4 The BOCLE test method may not directly reflect operating conditions of engine hardware. For example, some fuels that contain a high content of certain sulfur compounds can give anomalous test results.
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1.1 This test method covers assessment of the wear aspects of the boundary lubrication properties of aviation turbine fuels on rubbing steel surfaces.  
1.1.1 This test method incorporates two procedures, one using a semi-automated instrument and the second a fully automated instrument. Either of the two instruments may be used to carry out the test.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D7398-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Fatty Acid Methyl Esters (FAME) in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography

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5.1 The boiling range distribution of FAMES provides an insight into the composition of product related to the transesterification process. This gas chromatographic determination of boiling range can be used to replace conventional distillation methods for product specification testing with the mutual agreement of interested parties.  
5.2 Biodiesel (FAMES) exhibits a boiling point rather than a distillation curve. The fatty acid chains in the raw oils and fats from which biodiesel is produced are mainly comprised of straight chain hydrocarbons with 16 to 18 carbons that have similar boiling temperatures. The atmospheric boiling point of biodiesel generally ranges from 330 °C to 357 °C. The Specification D6751 value of 360 °C max at 90 % off by Test Method D1160 was incorporated as a precaution to ensure the fuel has not been adulterated with high boiling contaminants.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the boiling range distribution of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME). This test method is applicable to FAMES (biodiesel, B100) having an initial boiling point greater than 100 °C and a final boiling point less than 615 °C at atmospheric pressure as measured by this test method.  
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils for Valve-Train Wear Performance in Cummins ISB Medium-Duty Diesel Engine

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the performance of a heavy-duty engine oil in controlling engine wear under operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production and valve-train wear in a turbocharged and aftercooled four-cycle diesel engine with sliding tappet followers equipped with exhaust gas recirculation hardware.  
5.2 The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions, shall be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the Cummins ISB Test, covers the utilization of a modern, 5.9 L, diesel engine equipped with exhaust gas recirculation and is used to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve-train wear.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.2.1 Exceptions—SI units are provided for all parameters except where there is no direct equivalent such as the units for screw threads, National Pipe Threads/diameters, tubing size, or where there is a sole source of supply equipment specification.  
1.2.2 See also A7.1 for clarification; it does not supersede 1.2 and 1.2.1.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.  
1.4 Table of Contents:    
Section  
Scope  
1  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Test Method  
4  
Significance and Use  
5  
Apparatus  
6  
Engine Fluids and Cleaning Solvents  
7  
Preparation of Apparatus  
8  
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference Oil Tests  
9  
Test Procedure  
10  
Calculations, Ratings, and Test Validity  
11  
Report  
12  
Precision and Bias  
13  
Annexes  
Safety Precautions  
Annex A1  
Intake Air Aftercooler  
Annex A2  
The Cummins ISB Engine Build Parts Kit  
Annex A3  
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware  
Annex A4  
External Oil System  
Annex A5  
Cummins Service Publications  
Annex A6  
Specified Units and Formats  
Annex A7  
Oil Analyses  
Annex A8  
Alternate Fuel Approval Process  
Annex A9  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Standard
    29 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off