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ASTM D6985-04a

(Specification)

Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)

Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)

ABSTRACT
This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military marine (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications) and emergency generator applications (military or commercial). Specimens shall be suitably sampled and tested, and accordingly conform to specified values of the following requirements: ash content; carbon residue (10 % distillation residue); cetane number or index; cloud point; copper corrosion rating; density; 90 % distillation point; flash point; storage stability; sulfur content; kinematic viscosity; and water and sediment content.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military marine applications (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications), and emergency generator applications (military or commercial).
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of middle distillate fuel at the time and place of delivery. Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be more restrictive.
1.3 During handling and use of all middle distillate fuels, the generation and dissipation of static electricity can create fire and explosion hazards. For more information on this subject see Guide D 4865.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory requirements prior to use.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military marine applications (non-aviation gas turbine engines, compression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive applications), and emergency generator applications (military or commercial).
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants, this specification was withdrawn in July 2010 due to the fact that SC E has been unable to find anyone using this specification or in support of maintaining this specification.

General Information

Status
Withdrawn
Publication Date
31-Oct-2004
Withdrawal Date
30-Jun-2010
ICS
75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.E0 - Burner, Diesel and Non-Aviation Gas Turbine Fuels
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D6985-04 - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004
Referred By
ASTM D7451-21 - Standard Test Method for Water Separation Properties of Light and Middle Distillate, and Compression and Spark-Ignition Engine Fuels
Effective Date
01-Nov-2004

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ASTM D6985-04a - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)ASTM D6985-04a - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)
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ASTM D6985-04a - Standard Specification for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil-Military Marine Applications (Withdrawn 2010)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6985 – 04a
Standard Specification for
1
Middle Distillate Fuel Oil—Military Marine Applications
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6985; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D129 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
eral Bomb Method)
1.1 This specification covers a 100 % middle distillate fuel
D130 Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Pe-
oil with no residual fuel oil contamination for use in military
troleum Products by Copper Strip Test
marine applications (non-aviation gas turbine engines, com-
D445 Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
pression ignition/diesel engines, and other non-automotive
and Opaque Liquids (and Calculation of Dynamic Viscos-
applications), and emergency generator applications (military
ity)
or commercial).
D482 Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agree-
D524 Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
ment between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the
Petroleum Products
required properties of middle distillate fuel at the time and
D613 Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
place of delivery. Nothing in this specification shall preclude
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
observance of federal, state, or local regulations that may be
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate
more restrictive.
Fuels
1.3 During handling and use of all middle distillate fuels,
D1266 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
the generation and dissipation of static electricity can create
(Lamp Method)
fire and explosion hazards. For more information on this
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
subject see Guide D4865.
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
standard.
D1319 Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Liquid
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Petroleum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D1552 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
(High-Temperature Method)
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D2500 Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
bility of regulatory requirements prior to use.
D2622 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
2. Referenced Documents
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
2
D2709 Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
2.1 ASTM Standards:
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
D56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Cup Tester
D3117 Test Method for WaxAppearance Point of Distillate
D86 Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at
Fuels
Atmospheric Pressure
D3828 Test Methods for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
D93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
Cup Tester
Closed Cup Tester
D4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
Petroleum Products
D02.E0 on Burner, Diesel, Non-Aviation Gas Turbine, and Marine Fuels.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2004. Published November 2004. Originally
approved in 2004. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6985–04. DOI:
Petroleum Products
10.1520/D6985-04A.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D6985 – 04a
TABLE 1 Detailed Requirements for Middle Distillate Fuel Oil—
D4294 Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum and Petroleum
A,B
Military Marine Applications
Products by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spec-
Referee
trometry
Require-
Property Test
ments
D4530 Test Method for Determination of Carbon Residue
C
Method
(Micro Method)
Ash, mass %, max. D482 0.01
D4865 Guide for Generation and Dissipation of Static
One of the following sh
...

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1.1 This specification covers the establishment of requirements of liquid automotive fuels for ground vehicles equipped with spark-ignition engines.  
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1.3 The spark-ignition engine fuels covered in this specification are gasoline and its blends with oxygenates, such as alcohols and ethers and where gasoline is the primary component by volume in the blend. The concentrations and types of oxygenates are not specifically limited in this specification. The composition of fuel is limited by economic, legal, and technical consideration, but its properties, including volatility, are defined by this specification. In many countries, regulatory authorities having jurisdiction have set laws and regulations that limit the concentration of oxygenates and certain other compounds found in spark-ignition engine fuel. In the United States, oxygenate types and concentrations are limited to those approved under the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) substantially similar rule (see X3.3.1), waivers, and partial waivers including some restrictions on vehicle and equipment use (see X3.3.2). With regard to fuel properties, including volatility, this specification can be more or less restrictive than the EPA rules, regulations, and waivers. Refer to Appendix X3 for discussions of EPA rules relating to fuel volatility, lead and phosphorous contents, sulfur content, benzene content, deposit control additive certification, and use of oxygenates in the fuel. Contact the EPA for the latest versions of the rules and additional requirements.  
1.4 This specification does not address the emission characteristics of reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel. Reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel is required in some areas to lower emissions from automotive vehicles, and its characteristics are described in Monograph 12 (MONO12) on reformulated spark-ignition engine fuel.2 However, in addition to the legal requi...

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This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel oils suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are: Grade No. 1-D S15; Grade No. 1-D S500; Grade No. 1-D S5000; Grade No. 2-D S15; Grade No. 2-D S500; Grade No. 2-D S5000; and Grade No. 4-D. The requirements specified for diesel fuel oils shall be determined in accordance with the following test methods: flash point; cloud point; water and sediment; carbon residue; ash; distillation; viscosity; sulfur; copper corrosion; cetane number; cetane index; aromaticity; lubricity; and conductivity.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers seven grades of diesel fuel suitable for various types of diesel engines. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade No. 1-D S15—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S15 fuel.2  
1.1.2 Grade No. 1-D S500—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S500 fuel.2  
1.1.3 Grade No. 1-D S5000—A special-purpose, light middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum) and higher volatility than that provided by Grade No. 2-D S5000 fuels.  
1.1.4 Grade No. 2-D S15—A general purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 15 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.2  
1.1.5 Grade No. 2-D S500—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 500 ppm sulfur (maximum). It is especially suitable for use in applications with conditions of varying speed and load.2  
1.1.6 Grade No. 2-D S5000—A general-purpose, middle distillate fuel for use in diesel engine applications requiring a fuel with 5000 ppm sulfur (maximum), especially in conditions of varying speed and load.  
1.1.7 Grade No. 4-D—A heavy distillate fuel, or a blend of distillate and residual oil, for use in low- and medium-speed diesel engines in applications involving predominantly constant speed and load.
Note 1: A more detailed description of the grades of diesel fuels is given in X1.2.
Note 2: The Sxxx designation has been adopted to distinguish grades by sulfur rather than using words such as “Low Sulfur” as previously because the number of sulfur grades is growing and the word descriptions were thought to be not precise. S5000 grades correspond to the so-called “regular” sulfur grades, the previous No. 1-D and No. 2-D. S500 grades correspond to the previous “Low Sulfur” grades. S15 grades were not in the previous grade system and are commonly referred to as “Ultra-Low Sulfur” grades or ULSD.  
1.2 This specification, unless otherwise provided by agreement between the purchaser and the supplier, prescribes the required properties of diesel fuels at the time and place of delivery.  
1.2.1 Nothing in this specification shall preclude observance of federal, state, or local regulations which can be more restrictive.
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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material, manufacturing, and specialized property requirements for producing special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. It deals with special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. Aviation distillate fuel, except as otherwise specified in this specification, shall consist predominantly of refined hydrocarbons derived from conventional sources such as crude oil, natural gas liquid condensates, heavy oil, shale oil, and oil sands. The use of middle distillate fuel blends containing components from other sources is permitted. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. It is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification is intended to support purchasing agencies when formulating specifications for purchases of aviation distillate fuel under contract.  
1.2 This specification defines specialized property requirements to produce special-purpose aviation distillate test fuels that are intended only for engineering and certification testing of aircraft, engines, and aircraft equipment. Use of this specification for engineering and certification testing of aircraft is not mandatory. Its use is at the discretion of the aircraft manufacturer, engine manufacturer, or certification authorities when determining criteria for validation of aircraft equipment design.  
1.3 This specification defines special-purpose test fuels that may be used to evaluate the operability, performance and durability of aviation compression-ignition engines when operating with fuels of marginal performance. The aviation distillate test fuels defined in this specification are not intended for general purpose use in aircraft. This specification also lists acceptable additives for aviation distillate special-purpose test fuels.  
1.4 Specification D8147 is directed at civil applications, and maintained as such, but may be adopted for military, government, or other specialized uses.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure that can be used in the field or in a laboratory to detect antigens indicative of microbial contamination in liquid fuels, including those blended with synthesized hydrocarbons or biofuels, with kinematic viscosities (at 40 °C) of ≤24 mm2s–1 (for example, Specifications D396, D975, and D1655) and in fuel-associated water.  
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1.1 This specification covers the use of purchasing agencies in formulating specifications for purchases of aviation turbine fuel under contract.  
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This specification covers Grade 82 unleaded aviation gasoline for use only in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agencies to use this fuel. Aviation gasoline shall consist of blends of refined hydrocarbons derived from crude petroleum, natural gasoline or blends thereof, with specific aliphatic ethers, synthetic hydrocarbons, or aromatic hydrocarbons, and when applicable, methyl tertiarybutyl ether (MTBE). They may also contain antioxidants (oxidation inhibitors), metal deactivators, corrosion inhibitors, and fuel system icing inhibitors. The gasoline shall be tested and conform accordingly to the following property requirements: lean mixture knock value and motor method octane number; color; blue and red dye content; distillation temperature at % evaporated, end point, and residue content; distillation recovery; distillation loss; net heat of combustion; freezing point; vapor pressure; lead content; copper strip corrosion; sulfur content; potential gum; and alcohols and ether content (aliphatic ethers, methanol, and ethanol).
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1.1 This specification covers Grades UL82 and UL87 unleaded aviation gasolines, which are defined by this specification and are only for use in engines and associated aircraft that are specifically approved by the engine and aircraft manufacturers, and certified by the National Certifying Agencies to use these fuels. Components containing hetro-atoms (oxygenates) may be present within the limits specified.  
1.2 A fuel may be certified to meet this specification by a producer as Grade UL82 or UL87 aviation gasoline only if blended from component(s) approved for use in these grades of aviation gasoline by the refiner(s) of such components, because only the refiner(s) can attest to the component source and processing, absence of contamination, and the additives used and their concentrations. Consequently, reclassifying of any other product to Grade UL82 or Grade UL87 aviation gasoline does not meet this specification.  
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5.1 This guide is intended for the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives to describe the data requirements necessary to support the development of specifications for these new products by ASTM members. The ultimate goal of the data generated in accordance with this guide is to provide an understanding of the performance of the new fuel or additive within the property constraints and compositional bounds of the proposed specification criteria.  
5.2 This guide is not an approval process. It is intended to describe test and analysis requirements necessary to generate data to support specification development. This guide does not address the approval process for ASTM International standards.  
5.3 This guide will reduce the uncertainty and risk to developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives by describing the test and analysis requirements necessary to proceed with the development of an ASTM International specification for aviation gasoline or specification revision for an aviation gasoline additive. There are certain sections within this guide that do not specify an exact number of data points required. For example, 6.2.4.3 requires viscosity to be measured from freezing point to room temperature; 6.2.4.4, 6.2.4.5, and 6.3.2.3 require measurements over the operating temperature range; 6.3.2.4 and 6.3.2.5 require measurements versus temperature. In these cases, the developers or sponsors of new aviation gasolines or additives should attempt to generate data close to the upper and lower boundaries indicated. If no boundary is specified (for example, generate data versus temperature), then data at the widest practical test limits should be generated. A minimum of three data points is required in all cases (for example, upper, middle, lower), while five or more data points are preferred.  
5.4 This guide does not purport to specify an all-inclusive listing of test and analysis requirements to achieve ASTM International approval ...
SCOPE
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1.2 This data is intended to be used by the ASTM subcommittee to make a determination of the suitability of the fuel for use as an aviation fuel in either a fleet-wide or limited capacity, and to make a determination that the proposed properties and criteria in the associated standard specification provide the necessary controls to ensure this fuel maintains this suitability during high-volume production.  
1.3 These research reports are intended to support the development and issuance of new specifications or specification revisions for these products. Guidance to develop ASTM International standard specifications for aviation gasoline is provided in Subcommittee J on Aviation Fuels Operating Procedures, Annex A6, “Guidelines for the Development and Acceptance of a New Aviation Fuel Specification for Spark-Ignition Reciprocating Engines.”  
1.4 The procedures, tests, selection of materials, engines, and aircraft detailed in this guide are based on industry expertise to give appropriate data for review. Because of the diversity of aviation hardware and potential variation in fuel/additive formulations, not every aspect may be encompassed and further work may be required. Therefore, additional data beyond that described in this guide may be requested by the ASTM task force, Subcommittee J, or Committee D02 upon review of the specific composition, performance, or other characteristics of the candidate fuel or additive.  
1.5 While it is beyond the scope of this guide, investigation of the future health and environmental impacts of the new aviation gasoline or new aviation gasoline additive and the requirements of environmental agencies is recommended.  
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard.  
1.6.1 Exception—Some industry standard methodologies uti...

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ASTM
ASTM D7544-23(Specification)
Standard Specification for Pyrolysis Liquid Biofuel

ABSTRACT
This specification details the physical and chemical requirements for pyrolysis liquid biofuels produced from biomass that are intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle these types of fuels. The type of biofuel covered here is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications. It shall remain uniform in medium-term storage and shall not separate into layers due to gravity. Properly sampled test specimens shall undergo test procedures to determine their adherence to the following requirements: gross heat of combustion; water content; pyrolysis solids content; kinematic viscosity; density; sulfur content; ash content; pH; flash point; and pour point.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers grades of pyrolysis liquid biofuel produced from biomass intended for use in various types of fuel-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grade G is intended for use in industrial burners equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade G in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade G in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, small commercial boilers, engines, or marine applications.  
1.1.2 Grade D is intended for use in commercial/industrial burners requiring lower solids and ash content and which are equipped to handle the pyrolysis liquid biofuels meeting the requirements listed for Grade D in Table 1. The pyrolysis liquid biofuel listed under Grade D in Table 1 is not intended for use in residential heaters, engines, or marine applications not modified to handle these types of fuels.
Note 1: For information on the significance of the physical, chemical, and performance properties identified in this specification, see Appendix X1.  
1.2 This specification is for use in contracts for the purchase of pyrolysis liquid biofuel and for guidance of consumers of this type of fuel.  
1.3 Nothing in this specification should preclude observance of national or local regulations, which may be more restrictive.
Note 2: The generation and dissipation of static electricity may create problems in the handling of pyrolysis liquid biofuel. For more information on the subject, see Guide D4865.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4.1 Exception—BTU units are included for information only in 3.2.3.1.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3227-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for (Thiol Mercaptan) Sulfur in Gasoline, Kerosine, Aviation Turbine, and Distillate Fuels (Potentiometric Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Mercaptan sulfur has an objectionable odor, an adverse effect on fuel system elastomers, and is corrosive to fuel system components.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of mercaptan sulfur in gasolines, kerosines, aviation turbine fuels, and distillate fuels containing from 0.0003 % to 0.01 % by mass of mercaptan sulfur. Organic sulfur compounds such as sulfides, disulfides, and thiophene, do not interfere. Elemental sulfur in amounts less than 0.0005 % by mass does not interfere. Hydrogen sulfide will interfere if not removed, as described in 10.2.  
1.2 The values in acceptable SI units are to be regarded as the standard.  
1.2.1 Exception—The values in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific warning statements, see Sections 7, 9, 10, and Appendix X1.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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