ASTM F547-77(1995)
(Terminology)Standard Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
Standard Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
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Designation: F 547 – 77 (Reapproved 1995)
Standard Terminology of
Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F 547; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The terms included in these definitions are listed in alphabetical order under six headings to
facilitate quick reference. They are intended to apply to metal nails. Some of these terms are also
applicable to plastic nails. Omitted are terms relating to tacks, pins, drift pins, dowels, studs, spikes,
staples, and other fasteners, such as nail plates. Also omitted are terms relating to the testing and the
performance of nails, that is, their drivability, withdrawal resistance, lateral load transmission, creep,
protrusion resistance, and splitting; and methods of use, such as face, toe, side, and end-nailing,
spacing, loading conditions, etc. These subject matters will be covered in a separate definition of terms
relating to mechanical fasteners.
Common acceptance and usage are the basis for most of the definitions listed. In some instances,
this common usage results in more than one definition for a given term. In other cases, registered
trademarks have become generic in nature; hence, they are included among the terms listed.
Any such listing cannot be complete. As additional terms are referred to the Society’s attention, they
will be included.
An asterisk (*) behind the name of a nail indicates that this particular nail type is described in
Federal Specification FF-N-105 on Nails, Wire, Brads, and Staples.
Whereas dimensions are normally not part of a definition, they are included in this standard because
they are essential in fully describing the fastener under consideration.
The definitions are listed under the following headings:
Nail Nail Heads Nail Threads
Nail Types Nail Points Miscellaneous Terms
5 3
NAIL apple-box nail—coated, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄8 and 1 ⁄4 by
0.080-in. nails with flat ⁄64-in. head and medium diamond
nail—straight, slender fastener, usually pointed and headed; 6
point.
in. or less in length; designed to be driven; to hold two or
asbestosboard nail*—galvanized, hardened-steel, helically
more pieces together or to act as support. (See screw nail;
1 1
threaded, 1 ⁄4 and 1 ⁄2 by 0.083-in. screwnails with flat,
drive screw.)
slightly countersunk, ⁄16-in. head and blunt diamond point.
DISCUSSION—In contrast to screw—fastener, usually pointed and
asbestos-shingle nail— See shingle nail.
headed; designed to be turned with a screwdriver or other device;
asphalt-shingle nail— See roofing nail.
having in its simplest form one or two continuous spiral threads (such
1 1
as a wood screw thread) or a helical thread (such as a machine screw
auto nail—nail of ⁄4 to 5 ⁄4-in. length, sheared off bright,
thread) or combinations thereof (such as a sheet-metal screw thread).
smooth, knurled, or helically fluted, regular-stock-steel or
stiff-stock, 0.032-in. (21-gage) to 0.162-in. (8-gage) wire
NAIL TYPES
and driven subsequently by the same machine at a rapid rate.
aluminum common nail*—plain-shank, aluminum-alloy, 1 This nail has a sheared-bevel or sheared-square point.
5 17
by 0.072 to 6 by 0.262-in. nails with flat ⁄32 to ⁄32-in. head
barrel nail*—bright or coated, regular-stock-steel, ⁄8 by 0.067
and medium diamond point.
to 1 ⁄2 by 0.092-in. nails with flat 0.148 to 0.219-in. head and
medium diamond point.
5 3
basket nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄8and ⁄4 by 0.048-in.
These definitions are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F-16 on
nails with large flat head and medium needle point.
Fastenersand are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee F16.05 on Driven and
Other Fasteners.
beer-case cleat nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 by 0.080 to
Current edition approved Oct. 28, 1977. Published December 1977.
7 3 1
1 ⁄8 by 0.106-in. nails with ⁄16 to ⁄4-in. oval head and
Available from Standardization Documents Order Desk, Bldg. 4 Section D, 700
Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS. duckbill or clinch point.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F 547
1 7
beer-case hinge, lock and latch nail—bright, regular-stock- cleat nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄8 by 0.080 to 1 ⁄8 by
5 5 3 3 1
steel, ⁄8 by 0.080 to 1 ⁄16 by 0.092-in. nails with oval ⁄16 to 0.106-in. nails with oval ⁄16 to ⁄4-in. head and duckbill or
⁄32-in. head and duckbill or clinch point. clinch point. (See clinch nail.)
clinch nail—any nail designed for clinching after driving.
beer-case strap nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄4 by 0.092
to 2 by 0.113-in. nails with oval ⁄64 to -in. head and medium Bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 by 0.080 to 4 by 0.177-in. nails
3 3
with oval ⁄16 to ⁄8-in. head and duckbill or clinch point. (See
diamond point.
3 1
cleat nail.)
berry-box nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄4 to 1 ⁄4 by 0.054
3 1
and 0.062-in. nails with flat and medium diamond or needle clout nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄4 by 0.072 to 1 ⁄2 by
0.092-in. nails with large flat 0.225 to 0.262-in. head and
point.
long side point or duckbill point.
boat nail*—light-duty or heavy-duty, bright or galvanized,
1 3 3
regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄2by ⁄16to4by ⁄8-in., round-wire nails collar nail—See collar head, gudgeon, projection head.
13 3
with oval, countersunk, ⁄32 to ⁄4-in. head and medium common brad—See brad.
chisel point. Also, bright, annularly or helically threaded,
common nail, common wire nail*—bright, plain-shank,
nonferrous or stainless-steel, 1 by 0.062 to 3 by 0.165-in., regular-stock-steel, ⁄2by 0.035 to 6 by 0.262-in. nails with
1 11 17
round-wire nails with flat or oval, slightly countersunk, ⁄8 to
flat ⁄64 to ⁄32-in. head and medium diamond point.
⁄8-in. head and medium diamond point. Also, galvanized, Diameter is larger than that for sinkers, coolers, corkers, and
regular-stock-steel, 2 to 2 ⁄2-in. square, cut nails with oval
box nails of same length.
head.
concrete nail, concrete stub nail*—hardened-steel, ⁄2 by
1 5
box nail*—bright, coated or galvanized, regular-stock-steel, 1 0.135 to 3 ⁄2 by 0.207-in. nails with flat countersunk ⁄16 to
by 0.058 to 5 by 0.162-in. nails, made of lighter-gage wire ⁄2-in. head and medium diamond point.
11 13
than common nails and sinkers, with flat ⁄64to ⁄32-in. head conduit nail—bright or copper-plated, regular-stock-steel or
3 1
and medium diamond point.
hardened-steel, 1 ⁄4 to 3 ⁄2 by 0.161-in. nails with annularly
brad*—small nail with small head. threaded shank; bent, curved hook head, and medium needle
1 3
point. Different types of head designed for fastening ⁄2, ⁄4,
brad, common wire— slender, regular-stock-steel, ⁄8by
or 1-in. conduit, tubing, pipe, cable, etc.
0.035 to 6 by 0.262-in. wire nails with brad 0.050 to
cooler nail—usually coated, slender, regular-stock-steel, 1 by
0.331-in. head and medium diamond point.
7 11 19
0.062 to 2 ⁄8 by 0.120-in. nails with flat ⁄64 to ⁄64-in. head
brad, cut—slender, usually small, regular-stock-steel nails
and medium diamond point, with head diameter same as or
of same thickness throughout, but tapering in width; with
smaller than that of common wire nail of same length.
slight projection on one side serving as head. Also, tapering,
square-bodied, finishing nail with countersunk head. copper common nail*—bright, solid-copper, ⁄8 by 0.065 to 6
by 0.284-in. nails with flat head and medium diamond point.
brick-siding nail—galvanized, colored (baked-lacquer fin-
corker nail*—usually coated, slender, regular-stock-steel, 1
ished), plain-shank barbed or annularly threaded, regular-
7 5 1
7 1
stock-steel, ⁄8 by 0.092 to 2 ⁄2 by 0.099-in. nails with flat by 0.062 to 5 ⁄8 by 0.244-in. nails with ⁄32 to ⁄2-in. sinker
3 1
head and medium diamond point.
checkered ⁄16 or ⁄4-in. head and medium diamond point.
5 3
cork-insulation nail—galvanized, regular-stock-steel, 3 to 9
broom nail*—bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄8to ⁄4 by 0.072 or
13 7
0.080-in. nails with flat ⁄64 or ⁄32in. head and medium by 0.148-in. nails with flat ⁄2-in. head and medium diamond
point.
diamond point.
corrugated roofing/siding nail—See roofing nail.
cap nail—bright, galvanized or electroplated, plain-shank or
3 1
threaded, regular-stock-steel, ⁄4 by 0.105 to 6 by 0.135-in. cut nail—normally, wedge-shaped, ⁄2 to 6-in. nails of various
nails with integral nominal 1-in. cap head and medium types sheared from stiff-stock-sheet steel, with sheared-
diamond point. square point end narrower than upset head end.
dating nail—galvanized, regular-stock-steel, copper or brass,
car nail—light-duty or heavy-duty, bright or coated, barbed or
1 1 1 1 3 3 1
helically threaded, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄2 by 0.105-in. 1 ⁄2 by ⁄4 to 2 ⁄2 by ⁄16-in. nails with ⁄8 to ⁄2-in. flat numeral
head and medium diamond point.
(light) or 0.135-in. (heavy) to 6 by 0.225-in. (light) or
0.244-in. (heavy) nails and screwnails with flat or oval diaphragm nail—stout, bright or galvanized, regular-stock-
countersunk head and medium diamond point. Also, light-
steel or hardened-steel, helically threaded, 1 ⁄2 by 0.135 to
1 5
duty or heavy-duty, coated, barbed or helically threaded, 2 ⁄2 by 0.148-in. nails with flat slightly countersunk ⁄16-in.
regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄2 by 0.092 or 0.106 to 6 by 0.207 or
head and medium diamond point.
15 15
0.225-in. nails with oval countersunk ⁄64 to ⁄32-in. head
double-headed, duplex-head, dual-head, nail*—bright or
and medium diamond point.
coated, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄4 by 0.113 to 4 by 0.207-in.
3 7
casing nail*—bright or galvanized, slender, regular-stock- nails with double ⁄16 to ⁄16-in. head, medium diamond point,
1 7
steel, 1 by 0.067 to 3 ⁄2by 0.135-in. nails with flat or cupped and ⁄4 to ⁄16-in. distance between head to be struck by
0.099 to 0.177-in. casing head and medium diamond point
hammer and bearing head. Length of nails measured from
for countersinking where concealment is important. bearing surface of head.
cigar-box nail—bright, smooth, or barbed, regular-stock-steel, drive nail, drive screw—terms applied to helically threaded
1 5 3
⁄2, ⁄8 ⁄4, and by 0.044-in. nails with flat slightly countersunk nails, twisted nails, and annularly threaded shoe nail. (See
0.099-in. head and medium diamond point. nail, thread.)
cleat—L-shaped nail. drywall nail—See gypsum-wallboard nail.
F 547
dual-head nail—See double-headed nail. framing nail—See common nail, threaded common nail,
threaded nail.
duplex-head nail—See double-headed nail.
fruit-box nail—coated, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄8 by 0.072-in.
egg-case nail—coated, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄8 by 0.072-in.
7 nail with flat ⁄32-in. head and medium diamond point.
nail with flat ⁄32-in. head and sharp medium diamond point.
3 3
1 furniture nail—plated, regular-stock-steel or brass, ⁄8 to ⁄4-in.
escutcheon pin—small, regular-stock-steel or nonferrous, ⁄4
nails with extra large, decorative head and long diamond or
by 0.035 to 2 by 0.092-in. nails with oval head and medium
needle point.
diamond point.
furniture-carton nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄4 to 2-in.
face nail—See siding nail.
nails with circular 1-in. cap head and medium diamond
fence nail—stout, bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 ⁄4 by 0.135 to 4
point. (See cap nail.)
9 15
by 0.225-in. nails with large flat ⁄32 to ⁄32-in. head and
furring nail—See self-furring nail.
medium diamond point.
general-purpose nail— See common nail.
fetter ring nail—term applied to annularly threaded nail. (See
glulam rivet nail—plain or galvanized, flat, hardened-steel,
thread.)
3 1
2 ⁄8 by ⁄4-in. nail with sheared V-shaped point and flat upset
fiberboard nail—bright or electroplated, regular-stock-steel or
wedge-shaped head; designed to be driven through undersize
hardened-steel 1 by 0.054 to 2 by 0.062-in. nails with flat ⁄32
truncated apertures in regular-stock-steel connector plates
or ⁄64-in. head and medium needle point.
from which nails cantilever into wood.
field-box nail—coated, barbed, regular-stock-steel, 2 by 0.099
gudgeon—bright, regular-stock-steel nails with annular flange
1 1
to 2 ⁄4 by 0.106-in. nails with ⁄4-in. oval head and medium
or collar located along shank. (See tile nail, acoustical.)
diamond point.
gypsum-deck nail—helically threaded cap nails with special
file-grip nail, file-thread nail—terms applied to helically
type of thread with extra large lead angle.
threaded nails provided with file threads. (See thread.)
gypsum-lath nail—bright or blued, regular-stock-steel, 1 by
fine nail*—slender, bright, regular-stock-steel, ⁄2by 0.035 to 1
1 3
0.092 to 1 ⁄4 by 0.166 and 1 ⁄4 by 0.092-in. nails with large
1 1 11
⁄8 by 0.072-in. nails with flat ⁄8 to ⁄64-in. head and medium
19 3
flat ⁄64 to ⁄8-in. head and long diamond point. Also,
diamond point. Also, slender, electroplated, hardened-steel,
regular-stock-steel, 1 by 0.120 to 1 ⁄2by 0.148-in. nails with
1 1
1 ⁄4 by 0.054 to 2 ⁄2 by 0.083-in. nails with brad head and
flat ⁄2-in. head and medium diamond point. Also, aluminum-
short diamond point.
1 1 19
alloy, 1 ⁄8 by 0.099 to 1 ⁄2by 0.105-in. nails with flat ⁄64or
finishing nail*—slender, bright, regular-stock-steel, 1 by
⁄14-in. head and medium diamond point.
0.058 to 4 by 0.135-in. nails with flat or cupped 0.086 to
gypsum-sheathing nail—galvanized, barbed, regular-stock-
0.177-in. brad head and medium diamond point for counter-
3 7
steel, 1 ⁄4 by 0.120-in. nail with flat ⁄16-in. head and medium
sinking where concealment of head is important. (See also,
diamond point.
fine nail, moulding and trim nails, wallboard nails.)
gypsum-wallboard nail, gypsumboard nail, drywall nail—
fire-door nail—bright, regular-stock-steel, barbed, 1 ⁄4 by 1
bright or blued, regular-stock-steel, annularly threaded, 1 ⁄8
0.092-in. nail (3d shingle nail) with flat ⁄4-in. head and
by 0.098 to 2 by 0.105-in. nails with flat, nub, or crossed
medium diamond point and 2 by 0.099-in. nail (6d box nail) 1 19
slightly countersunk ⁄4 to ⁄64-in. head and long diamond
with flat ⁄64-in. head and medium diamond point.
point. Also, slender, colored (baked-lacquer finished),
flattened-shank nail—round wire nail with portion of shank
regular-stock-steel, smooth or annularly threaded, 1 ⁄8by
flattened for a certain distance between point and head to
0.062 to 2 by 0.083-in. nails with slightly countersunk
facilitate driving of nail between steel members and wrap-
0.181-in. head and medium diamond or long needle point.
ping of flattened portion of shank around steel rod during
...
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