ASTM D9-20

Standard Terminology Relating to Wood and Wood-Based Products

SCOPE
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions essential for the business of Committee D07.  
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommittee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for inclusion in this terminology.  
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over which D07 has jurisdiction.  
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based products are not included.  
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a single D07 standard and defined therein or generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources may not be included in this terminology.  
1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminology only when judged an essential term by Subcommittee D07.91.  
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.  
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years; the year of last review is appended.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 31-Jul-2020
• ICS: 01.040.79 - Wood technology (Vocabularies)
• ICS: 79.040 - Wood, sawlogs and sawn timber
• Technical Committee: D07 - Wood
• Drafting Committee: D07.91 - Terminology and Editorial

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D9 − 20
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wood and Wood-Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The definitions contained herein constitute a lexicon of terms of general interest. Definitions in
more specialized wood product or process use will be found in other standards.These include Practice
D245, Terminology D907, Terminology D1038, Nomenclature D1165, Terminology D1554, Termi-
nology F547, Practice D2555, and Terminology C274.
1. Scope mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions
essential for the business of Committee D07.
2. Referenced Documents
2
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommit-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions
3
inclusion in this terminology.
(Withdrawn 2016)
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Re-
which D07 has jurisdiction.
lated Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based
D1038 TerminologyRelatingtoVeneer,Plywood,andWood
products are not included.
Structural Panels
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Soft-
single D07 standard and defined therein or generally under-
woods
stood or adequately defined in other readily available sources
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Par-
may not be included in this terminology.
ticle Panel Materials
D2016 Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood
1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which
3
(Withdrawn 1987)
Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminol-
D2395 TestMethodsforDensityandSpecificGravity(Rela-
ogy only when judged an essential term by Subcommittee
tive Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D07.91.
D2555 PracticeforEstablishingClearWoodStrengthValues
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional infor-
F547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-
mation included in discussion notes.
Base Materials
4
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years;
2.2 U.S. Products Standards:
the year of last review is appended.
PS-20 American Softwood Lumber Standard
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3. Terminology
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
allowable properties, n—mechanical properties of a material
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
as prepared for design use.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.91 on Terminology and the ASTM website.
3
Editorial. The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
Current edition approved Aug. 1, 2020. Published September 2020. Originally www.astm.org.
4
approved in 1907. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D9 – 12. DOI: Available from the National Institute of Standards and Technology https://
10.1520/D0009-20. www.nist.gov/standardsgov/voluntary-product-standards-program.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D9−20
DISCUSSION—Allowable properties of structural wood products are
veneer; and
identified with stress-grade descriptions and reflect the orthotropic
(3)shortportionofalogpreparedforproductionofshingles,
structure of wood. Often considered synonymous with allowable unit
staves, etc.
stresses, working stresses, and design stresses.
bow, n—see warp.
American Softwood Lumber Standard, n—voluntary prod-
uct standard (PS-20) of the U.S. Department of Comme
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D9 − 12 D9 − 20
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Wood and Wood-Based Products
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D9; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
The definitions contained herein constitute a lexicon of terms of general interest. Definitions in
more specialized wood product or process use will be found in other standards. These include Practice
D245, Terminology D907, Terminology D1038, Nomenclature D1165, Terminology D1554, Termi-
nology F547, Practice D2555, and Terminology C274.
1. Scope
1.1 This terminology covers a repository of definitions essential for the business of Committee D07.
1.2 The following criteria shall be followed by Subcommittee D07.91 in selecting terms and associated definitions for inclusion
in this terminology.
1.2.1 Terms and associated definitions shall be selected if they are in general use in the conduct of the standards over which D07
has jurisdiction.
1.2.2 Terms and associated definitions in general industrial or technical use that are not unique to wood or wood-based products
are not included.
1.2.3 Terms and associated definitions that are unique to a single D07 standard and defined therein or generally understood or
adequately defined in other readily available sources may not be included in this terminology.
1.3 When a term is used in an ASTM document for which Committee D07 is responsible, it is included in this terminology only
when judged an essential term by Subcommittee D07.91.
1.4 A definition is a single sentence with additional information included in discussion notes.
1.5 Terms and definitions shall be reviewed every 5 years; the year of last review is appended.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D07 on Wood and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D07.91 on Terminology and Editorial.
Current edition approved Oct. 15, 2012Aug. 1, 2020. Published November 2012September 2020. Originally approved in 1907. Last previous edition approved in 20092012
as D9D9 – 12.– 09AE01. DOI: 10.1520/D0009-12. 10.1520/D0009-20.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D9 − 20
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
3
C274 Terminology of Structural Sandwich Constructions (Withdrawn 2016)
D143 Test Methods for Small Clear Specimens of Timber
D245 Practice for Establishing Structural Grades and Related Allowable Properties for Visually Graded Lumber
D907 Terminology of Adhesives
D1038 Terminology Relating to Veneer, Plywood, and Wood Structural Panels
D1165 Nomenclature of Commercial Hardwoods and Softwoods
D1554 Terminology Relating to Wood-Base Fiber and Particle Panel Materials
3
D2016 Methods of Test for Moisture Content of Wood (Withdrawn 1987)
D2395 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Wood and Wood-Based Materials
D2555 Practice for Establishing Clear Wood Strength Values
F547 Terminology of Nails for Use with Wood and Wood-Base Materials
4
2.2 U.S. Products Standards:
PS-20 American Softwood Lumber Standard
3. Terminology
allowable properties—properties, n—mechanical properties of materials a material as prepared for design use.
DISCUSSION—
Allowable properties of structural wood products are identified with stress-grade descriptions and reflect the orthotropic structure of wood. Often
considered synonymous with allowable unit stresses, working stresses, and design stresses.
American Softwood Lumber Standard—Standard, n—a voluntary product standard (PS-20) of the U.S. Department of
Commerce which serves as a basis for the preparation and revision of industry-sponsored grading rules for lumber.
American standard lumber—lumber, n—lumber conforming to the basic provisions of the PS-20 – American Softwood
Lumber Standard.
annual ring—ring, n—the growth layer produced by the tree in a single growth year, including earlywood and lat
...