ASTM D4175-17
(Terminology)Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Standard Terminology Relating to Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
SCOPE
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4175 − 17
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* A 5 log ~1⁄ T!52log ~T! (1)
10 10
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of
where T is the transmittance.
terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum
DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in
refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
which they appear.
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.14] D7996
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to
petroleum,petroleumproducts,lubricants,andcertainproducts
absorbance, A, n—the molecular property of a substance that
from biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantpower,expressedby:
termsoutsideofapplicationstopetroleum,petroleumproducts,
A 5 log ~1/T!52log T
10 10
and lubricants can be found in other compilations and in
dictionaries of general usage.
where T is the transmittance.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the DISCUSSION—Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that
of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has
standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
been affected for reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and
2. Terminology refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small
compared with attenuation by absorption. [D02.04] D2008
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each
term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee
absorptivity, a, n—the specific property of a substance to
jurisdiction is in bold print following the definition. Those
absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path
showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommit-
length, expressed by:
tee CS 95. Some abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are
a 5 Af/bc
included in the list.
where:
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
A = the absorbance,
atomic absorption spectrometry, n—analytical technique for f = the dilution factor,
measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combina- b = sample cell path length, and
tion of flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier, c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a
volume of solvent.
and a readout device. [D02.03] D7740
[D02.04] D2008
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protu-
berances forced against and moving along a solid surface. acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the
[D02.B0] D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the
value that takes into account the specification limit, the test method
reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
precision, and the desired probability of product acceptance if the
quality is at the specification limit.
absorbance, (A), n—themolecularpropertyofasubstancethat
[D02.94] D3244
determinesitsabilitytotakeupradiantenergy,expressedby:
accepted reference value (ARV), n—value that serves as an
1
agreed-upon reference for comparison and that is derived as
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of
(1) a theoretical or established value, based on scientific
Subcommittee D02.95 on Terminology.
principles, (2) an assigned value, based on experimental
Current edition approved Feb. 1, 2017. Published February 2017. Originally
work of some national or international organization, such as
approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as D4175–16c. DOI:
10.1520/D4175-17. the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 17
small amount of water has been added from its initial meter reading
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D4175 − 16c D4175 − 17
Standard Terminology Relating to
1
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4175; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This terminology standard covers the compilation of terminology developed by Committee D02 on Petroleum Products,
Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, except that it does not include terms/definitions specific only to the standards in which they appear.
1.1.1 The terminology, mostly definitions, is unique to petroleum, petroleum products, lubricants, and certain products from
biomass and chemical synthesis. Meanings of the same terms outside of applications to petroleum, petroleum products, and
lubricants can be found in other compilations and in dictionaries of general usage.
1.1.2 The terms/definitions exist in two places: (1) in the standards in which they appear and (2) in this compilation.
2. Terminology
2.1 Alphabetical listing of terms with definitions for each term showing attributions as to source and subcommittee jurisdiction
is in bold print following the definition. Those showing no attributes are under the jurisdiction of Subcommittee CS 95. Some
abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols are included in the list.
3-MPA, n—3-methylphenylamine [D02.J0] D6812
atomic absorption spectrometry, n—analytical technique for measuring metal content of solutions, based on a combination of
flame source, hollow cathode lamp, photomultiplier, and a readout device. [D02.03] D7740
abrasive wear, n—wear due to hard particles or hard protuberances forced against and moving along a solid surface. [D02.B0]
D4998; [D02.L0] D5182
1
This terminology is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.95 on Terminology.
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2016Feb. 1, 2017. Published October 2016February 2017. Originally approved in 1983. Last previous edition approved in 2016 as
D4175 – 16b.D4175 – 16c. DOI: 10.1520/D4175-16C.10.1520/D4175-17.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4175 − 17
absorbance, n—logarithm to the base 10 of the ratio of the reciprocal of the transmittance. [D02.03] D7740
absorbance, (A), n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant energy, expressed by:
A 5 log 1 ⁄ T 52log T (1)
~ ! ~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.14] D7996
absorbance, A,n—the molecular property of a substance that determines its ability to take up radiant power, expressed by:
A 5 log 1/T 52log T
~ !
10 10
where T is the transmittance.
DISCUSSION—
Absorbance expresses the excess absorption over that of a specified reference or standard. It is implied that compensation has been affected for
reflectance losses, solvent absorption losses, and refractive effects, if present, and that attenuation by scattering is small compared with attenuation by
absorption. [D02.04] D2008
absorptivity, a,n—the specific property of a substance to absorb radiant power per unit sample concentration and path length,
expressed by:
a 5 Af/bc
where:
A = the absorbance,
f = the dilution factor,
b = sample cell path length, and
c = the quantity of absorbing substance contained in a volume of solvent.
[D02.04] D2008
acceptance limit (AL), n—a numerical value that defines the point between acceptable and unacceptable quality.
DISCUSSION—
The AL is not necessarily the specification limit. It is a value that takes into account the specification limit, the test method precision, and the desired
probability of product acceptance if the quality is at the specification limit.
[D02.94] D3244
accepted reference value (
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.