ASTM D2653-07(2018)

Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.  
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance between reported test results for two laboratories (or more), comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative tests that are as homogeneous as possible, drawn from the same lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories involved should be compared using a statistical test for unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected, or future test results for that material must be adjusted in consideration of the known bias.  
5.2 The force at first filament break of elastomeric yarns may depend on its construction and manufacturing process and provides an indication of the breaking strength of fabrics made from the yarn.  
5.3 Elongation is an indication of the ability of a fiber to absorb energy. The elongation of yarn or fabric must be great enough to withstand strains experienced in processing and end use, and to absorb the energies of applied forces repeatedly.  
5.4 Fabric manufacturers use force and elongation information of elastomeric yarns in determining machine set-up conditions.  
5.5 Other parameters such as elongation at specified force (EASF), force (or tenacity) at specified elongation (FASE, TASE), work and toughness may be calculated from force-elongation curves. EASF and FASE information is needed for tests involving cycling of yarn in determination of elastic properties.  
5.6 This test method was de...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from natural rubber, spandex or other elastomers, using a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine. The properties included in this test method are: (1) force at first filament break, (2) tenacity at first filament break, (3) elongation at first filament break, (4) work to break at first filament break, and (5) toughness at first filament break.  
1.2 This test method does not apply to covered, wrapped, or core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.  
1.3 This test method is applicable to elastomeric yarns in the range from 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary units are to be regarded separately as standard. Within the text, the U.S. Customary units are given in parentheses. The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Jun-2018
• ICS: 59.080.20 - Yarns
• Technical Committee: D13 - Textiles
• Drafting Committee: D13.58 - Yarns and Fibers

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D2653-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile Testing Machines)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D2591-07(2020) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
• Effective Date: 01-Feb-2020
• Refers: ASTM D4848-98(2018) - Standard Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2018
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13(2018) - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D6717-07(2018) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2018
• Refers: ASTM D123-17 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Mar-2017
• Refers: ASTM D123-15b - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2015
• Refers: ASTM D123-15 - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2015
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e1 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e2 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D4849-13e3 - Standard Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• Effective Date: 01-Oct-2013
• Refers: ASTM D2591-07(2013) - Standard Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
• Effective Date: 01-Jul-2013
• Refers: ASTM D123-13a - Standard Terminology Relating to Textiles
• Effective Date: 15-Jun-2013

Overview

ASTM D2653-07(2018) is the standard test method established by ASTM International for determining the tensile properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns, such as those made from natural rubber, spandex, or other elastomers. Using a constant-rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine, this method measures key physical properties including the force at first filament break, tenacity, elongation, work to break, and toughness. This standard is widely accepted and implemented for the evaluation and quality assurance of elastomeric yarns across the textile industry.

Key Topics

• Scope: Applies to elastomeric yarns in the range of 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier); does not cover covered, wrapped, core-spun, or staple-spun elastomeric yarns.
• Test Apparatus: Utilizes CRE-type tensile testing machines equipped with appropriate clamping assemblies and data gathering systems.
• Evaluated Properties:
  • Force at first filament break - indicator of breaking strength
  • Tenacity - strength relative to yarn’s linear density
  • Elongation - ability of yarn to stretch and absorb energy
  • Work to break and toughness - resilience under force
• Sample Preparation: Requires random sampling from lots/shipping units, conditioning in standard textile testing environments, and careful handling to prevent pre-test stretching or damage.
• Precision and Bias: Recognized as suitable for commercial shipment acceptance testing; between-laboratory precision is well established.
• Data Analysis: Includes guidelines for calculating averages, coefficients of variation, and standard deviations, with procedures for handling outliers and laboratory discrepancies.
• Safety: The standard advises users to implement proper safety, health, and environmental practices as it does not address these aspects directly.

Applications

• Quality Control for Yarn Producers: Manufacturing facilities rely on ASTM D2653-07(2018) for standardized tensile property evaluation of elastomeric yarns, ensuring product consistency and compliance with commercial specifications.
• Material Specification and Procurement: Buyers and suppliers in the textile industry use the results from this test method to validate the quality of incoming and outgoing elastomeric yarn lots.
• Fabric Manufacturing: Fabricators use tensile and elongation data obtained through this method for setting up processing machinery and ensuring yarns will withstand fabrication stresses.
• Product Development and Research: R&D teams apply this standard to characterize new elastomeric yarns or to compare performance across different formulations and manufacturing techniques.
• Interlaboratory and Comparative Testing: The method provides statistically robust procedures for resolving discrepancies between test results from multiple labs, underpinning fair and accurate quality assessments.

Related Standards

• ASTM D76 - Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
• ASTM D123 - Terminology Relating to Textiles
• ASTM D1776 - Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
• ASTM D2258 - Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
• ASTM D2591 - Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Short Length Specimens)
• ASTM D4848 - Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and Related Properties of Textiles
• ASTM D4849 - Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
• ASTM D6717 - Test Method for Linear Density of Elastomeric Yarns (Skein Specimens)

Practical Value

Adopting ASTM D2653-07(2018) ensures reliable, repeatable, and comparable results for tensile property testing of elastomeric yarns, which is essential for product development, quality assurance, and meeting contractual and regulatory demands in the textile sector. By providing clear guidelines and supporting international trade in textile materials, this standard contributes significantly to improved product quality and customer satisfaction.

Keywords: ASTM D2653, elastomeric yarns, tensile testing, CRE testing machines, textile standards, yarn strength, elongation, fabric manufacturing, quality control, spandex, natural rubber

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D2653 − 07 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Tensile Properties of Elastomeric Yarns (CRE Type Tensile
Testing Machines)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2653; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D123Terminology Relating to Textiles
D1776Practice for Conditioning and Testing Textiles
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the tensile
D2258Practice for Sampling Yarn for Testing
properties of “as produced” elastomeric yarns made from
D2591TestMethodforLinearDensityofElastomericYarns
natural rubber, spandex or other elastomers, using a constant-
(Short Length Specimens)
rate-of-extension (CRE) type tensile testing machine. The
D4848Terminology Related to Force, Deformation and
properties included in this test method are: (1) force at first
Related Properties of Textiles
filament break, (2) tenacity at first filament break, (3) elonga-
D4849Terminology Related to Yarns and Fibers
tion at first filament break, (4) work to break at first filament
D6717TestMethodforLinearDensityofElastomericYarns
break, and (5) toughness at first filament break.
(Skein Specimens)
1.2 Thistestmethoddoesnotapplytocovered,wrapped,or
core-spun yarns or yarns spun from elastomeric staple.
3. Terminology
1.3 Thistestmethodisapplicabletoelastomericyarnsinthe
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.58, Yarns and
range from 40 to 3200 dtex (36 to 2900 denier).
Fibers, refer to Terminology D4849.
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or U.S. Customary
elastomeric yarn, elongation, force, linear density, tenacity,
units are to be regarded separately as standard.Within the text,
toughness, work, work to break.
the U.S. Customary units are given in parentheses. The values
stated in each system are not exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.2 For definitions of other terms related to force and
system shall be used independently of the other.
deformation, refer to Terminology D4848. For all other termi-
nology related to textiles, refer to Terminology D123.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4. Summary of Test Method
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
4.1 A specimen is clamped in a CRE-type tensile testing
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
machine and extended to rupture. Force at first filament break
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
and elongation at first filament break, work and toughness are
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
calculated from a force-elongation curve or with an interfaced
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
computer. Tenacity at first filament break can be calculated
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
based on the determined linear density of the yarn. Other
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
properties, such as force at specified elongation (FASE),
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
elongation at specified force (EASF), may also be calculated.
2. Referenced Documents
5. Significance and Use
2.1 ASTM Standards:
5.1 This test method is considered satisfactory for accep-
D76Specification for Tensile Testing Machines for Textiles
tance testing of commercial shipments since current estimates
of between-laboratory precision are acceptable and the method
ThistestmethodisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD13onTextiles
is used extensively in the trade for acceptance testing.
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.58 on Yarns and Fibers.
5.1.1 If there are differences of practical significance be-
CurrenteditionapprovedJuly1,2018.PublishedJuly2018.Originallyapproved
tween reported test results for two laboratories (or more),
in 1967. Discontinued 1979 and reinstated as D2653–79. Last previous edition
approved in 2012 as D2653–07(2012). DOI: 10.1520/D2653-07R18.
comparative tests should be performed to determine if there is
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
a statistical bias between them, using competent statistical
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
assistance. As a minimum, use samples for such comparative
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. teststhatareashomogeneousaspossible,drawnfromthesame
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D2653 − 07 (2018)
lot of material as the samples that resulted in disparate results 6.5 Tensioning Weights, with various masses from 10 mg to
during initial testing, and randomly assigned in equal numbers 3 g as required to pretension the specimen to 30 to 50 mN/tex
to each laboratory. The test results from the laboratories (0.3 to 0.5 mgf/d) before testing.
involved should be compared using a statistical test for
6.6 Air Supply, capable of providing 415 kPa (60 psi) to the
unpaired data, at a probability level chosen prior to the testing
pneumatic clamps.
series. If bias is found, either its cause must be found and
corrected, or future test results for that material must be
7. Sampling, Test Specimens, and Test Units
adjusted in consideration of the known bias.
7.1 Lot Sample—Asalotsampleforacceptancetesting,take
5.2 The force at first filament break of elastomeric yarns
a random number of shipping units directed in an applicable
maydependonitsconstructionandmanufacturingprocessand
material specification or other agreement between the pur-
provides an indication of the breaking strength of fabrics made
chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice
from the yarn.
D2258. Consider shipping cases or other shipping units to be
the primary sampling units.
5.3 Elongation is an indication of the ability of a fiber to
absorb energy. The elongation of yarn or fabric must be great
NOTE 1—An adequate specification or other agreement between the
enough to withstand strains experienced in processing and end
purchaser and the supplier requires taking into account the variability
use, and to absorb the energies of applied forces repeatedly. between shipping units, between packages or ends within a shipping unit,
and between specimens from a single package to provide a sampling with
5.4 Fabric manufacturers use force and elongation informa-
a meaningful producer’s risk, consumer’s risk, acceptable quality level
tion of elastomeric yarns in determining machine set-up
and limiting quality level.
conditions.
7.2 Laboratory Sample—As a laboratory sample for accep-
5.5 Other parameters such as elongation at specified force tance testing, take at random from each shipping unit in the lot
(EASF), force (or tenacity) at specified elongation (FASE, sample the number of packages directed in an applicable
TASE), work and toughness may be calculated from force- material specification or other agreement between the pur-
elongation curves. EASF and FASE information is needed for chaser and the supplier, such as an agreement to use Practice
tests involving cycling of yarn in determination of elastic D2258. Preferably, take the same number of packages from
properties. eachoftheshippingunits,determineatrandomwhichshipping
units are to have each number of packages for testing.
5.6 Thistestmethodwasdevelopedusingelastomericyarns
in the “as-produced” condition, but may be used for treated 7.3 Test Specimens—From each package or end in the
elastomeric yarns provided the treatment is specified. The laboratory sample, take specimens as directed in 7.3.1.
method does not cover the removal of finish for determination 7.3.1 Remove the outer layer of yarn from the package.
of tensile properties of “finish-free” elastomeric yarns. Avoid any damaged areas in selecting segments for testing.
Carefullyunwindyarnfromthepackagewithaslowastension
6. Apparatus
as possible to avoid stretching.As test specimens, cut approxi-
mately 125 mm (5 in.) long segments of yarn from each
6.1 Specimen Boards, with short pile or plush surfaces or
package, taking them at intervals of at least1m(1 yd). Three
black or contrasting color, for storing specimens during con-
ofthesixspecimensareusedassparetoallowforunacceptable
ditioning.
breaks, such as caused by slippage or breaking in the clamps.
6.2 Tensile Testing Machine, CRE-type, conforming to
7.4 Determine the tex (denier) of the yarn for each labora-
Specification D76 with respect to force indication, working
tory sample using Test Method D2591 or Test Method D6717.
range, capacity and verification of recorded elongation, and
designed for operation at a pulling speed of 500 mm/min
8. Preparation of Apparatus
(20in.⁄min) or 1000% extension per min.
8.1 Prepare and verify the calibration of the tensile testing
6.3 Clamping Assembly, pneumatically operated, with jaw
machine as directed in the manufacturer’s instructions.
faces as described in 6.3.1 or 6.3.2.
6.3.1 Option A, Preferred—One jaw with a flat acrylic face 8.2 Set up and adjust the CRE-type tensile testing machine
as follows:
nominally 25 mm × 12.5 mm (1 in. × 0.5 in.) and the opposing
jaw approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide with a convex 8.2.1 Examine the acrylic jaw face of the clamps for wear
and replace as needed. Position the clamp faces with their
[approximately7.1mm(0.28in.)radius],steelorchromeface.
6.3.2 Option B—One jaw with a flat, steel or chrome face contact line horizontal.
8.2.2 Set the distance between clamps, (gage length) to 50
nominally 25 mm × 12.5 mm (1 in. × 0.5 in.) and the opposing
jaw approximately 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) wide with a convex 61mm(2 6 0.05 in.), nip to nip.
[approximately 8.5 mm (0.375 in.) radius] acrylic face.
NOTE 2—A convenient technique for checking the gage length is to
place a piece of carbon paper and white paper in the clamps and close the
6.4 Computer or Microprocessor,interfaced,withautomatic
clamps. The distance between the marks made on the white paper by the
data gathering system, optional.
carbon paper represents the set gage length.
8.2.3 Use a force measuring system such that the breaking
force will fall between 30 and 80 percent of its full scale
Apparatus and accessories are commercially available. Clamps may need to be
modified to accept jaw faces and attachment to some tensile testing machine. capacity.
D2653 − 07 (2018)
NOTE 4—In elastomeric yarns, FFB is the first on the force-elongation
8.2.4 Setthecrossheadspeedto500mm/min(20in./min)or
curvethatisfollowedbyadropinforceofatleast5%oftheforceatthat
1000% extension per min.
point for this specimen or the equivalent in a computer algorithm.
8.2.5 Set the extension measuring system as follows:
11.1.2 Calculate the average force at FFB for each labora-
8.2.5.1 When using a chart recorder, set the chart speed to
tory sampling unit and for the lot.
500 mm/min (20 in./min). Not needed with computer inter-
faced testing machines.
11.2 Tenacity at First Filament Break—CalculatetheTenac-
8.2.5.2 When using an interfaced computer or
ity at First Filament break as follows:
microprocessor, set parameters to obtain selected properties
11.2.1 Calculate the tenacity at FFB for each specimen to
using supplier’s directions and Specification D76.
the nearest 0.1 cN/tex (0.01 gf/d), using Eq 1.
8.2.6 Set air pressure for pneumatic clamps to 415 kP
...