ASTM B348-00
(Specification)Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers annealed titanium and titanium alloy bars and billets as follows:
1.1.1 Grade 1 -Unalloyed titanium.
1.1.2 Grade 2 -Unalloyed titanium.
1.1.3 Grade 3 -Unalloyed titanium.
1.1.4 Grade 4 -Unalloyed titanium.
1.1.5 Grade 5 -Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium).
1.1.6 Grade 6 -Titanium alloy (5% aluminum, 2.5% tin).
1.1.7 Grade 7 -Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25% palladium.
1.1.8 Grade 9 -Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium).
1.1.9 Grade 11 -Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25% palladium.
1.1.10 Grade 12 -Titanium alloy (0.3% molybdenum, 0.8% nickel).
1.1.11 Grade 13 -Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),
1.1.12 Grade 14 -Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),
1.1.13 Grade 15 -Titanium alloy (0.5% nickel, 0.05% ruthenium),
1.1.14 Grade 16 -Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium,
1.1.15 Grade 17 -Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium,
1.1.16 Grade 18 -Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 2.5% vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08% palladium,
1.1.17 Grade 19 -Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum),
1.1.18 Grade 20 -Titanium alloy (3% aluminum, 8% vanadium, 6% chromium, 4% zirconium, 4% molybdenum) plus 0.04%-0.08% palladium,
1.1.19 Grade 21 -Titanium alloy (15% molybdenum, 3% aluminum, 2.7% niobium, 0.25% silicon),
1.1.20 Grade 23 -Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium with extra low interstitial elements, ELI).
1.1.21 Grade 24 -Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) plus 0.04% to 0.08% palladium,
1.1.22 Grade 25 -Titanium alloy (6% aluminum, 4% vanadium) plus 0.3% to 0.8% nickel and 0.04% to 0.08% palladium.
1.1.23 Grade 30 -Titanium alloy (0.3% cobalt, 0.05% palladium), and
1.1.24 Grade 31 -Titanium alloy (0.3% cobalt, 0.05% palladium).
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: B 348 – 00
Standard Specification for
Titanium and Titanium Alloy
Bars and Billets
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B 348; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope aluminum, 2.7 % niobium, 0.25 % silicon),
1.1.20 Grade 23—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %
1.1 This specification covers annealed titanium and tita-
vanadium with extra low interstitial elements, ELI),
nium alloy bars and billets as follows:
1.1.21 Grade 24—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %
1.1.1 Grade 1—Unalloyed titanium.
vanadium) plus 0.04 % to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.2 Grade 2—Unalloyed titanium.
1.1.22 Grade 25—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %
1.1.3 Grade 3—Unalloyed titanium.
vanadium) plus 0.3 % to 0.8 % nickel and 0.04 % to 0.08 %
1.1.4 Grade 4—Unalloyed titanium.
palladium,
1.1.5 Grade 5—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 % vana-
1.1.23 Grade 26—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %
dium).
ruthenium,
1.1.6 Grade 6—Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 2.5 % tin).
1.1.24 Grade 27—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.08 to 0.14 %
1.1.7 Grade 7—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %
ruthenium,
palladium.
1.1.25 Grade 28—Titanium alloy (0.3 % aluminum, 2.5 %
1.1.8 Grade 9—Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 % va-
vanadium plus 0.08–0.14 % ruthenium),
nadium).
1.1.26 Grade 29—Titanium alloy (6 % aluminum, 4 %
1.1.9 Grade 11—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.12 to 0.25 %
vanadium, extra low interstitial, ELI plus 0.08–0.14 % ruthe-
palladium.
nium),
1.1.10 Grade 12—Titanium alloy (0.3 % molybdenum,
1.1.27 Grade 30—Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %
0.8 % nickel).
palladium),
1.1.11 Grade 13—Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %
1.1.28 Grade 31—Titanium alloy (0.3 % cobalt, 0.05 %
ruthenium),
palladium),
1.1.12 Grade 14—Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %
1.1.29 Grade 32—Titanium alloy (5 % aluminum, 1 % tin,
ruthenium),
1 % zirconium, 1 % vanadium, 0.8 % molybdenum),
1.1.13 Grade 15—Titanium alloy (0.5 % nickel, 0.05 %
1.1.30 Grade 33—Titanium alloy (0.4% nickel, 0.015%
ruthenium),
palladium, 0.025% ruthenium, 0.15% chromium), and
1.1.14 Grade 16—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %
1.1.31 Grade 34—Titanium alloy (0.4% nickel, 0.015%
palladium,
palladium, 0.025% ruthenium, 0.15% chromium).
1.1.15 Grade 17—Unalloyed titanium plus 0.04 to 0.08 %
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
palladium,
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
1.1.16 Grade 18—Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 2.5 %
information only.
vanadium) plus 0.04 to 0.08 % palladium,
1.1.17 Grade 19—Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %
2. Referenced Documents
vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1.18 Grade 20—Titanium alloy (3 % aluminum, 8 %
E 8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
vanadium, 6 % chromium, 4 % zirconium, 4 % molybdenum)
E 29 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
plus 0.04 %–0.08 % palladium,
Determine Conformance with Specifications
1.1.19 Grade 21—Titanium alloy (15 % molybdenum, 3 %
E 120 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Titanium and
Titanium Alloys
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B10 on
E 1409 Test Method for the Determination of Oxygen in
Reactive and Refractory Metals and Alloysand is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B10.01on Titanium.
Current edition approved May 10, 2000. Published July 2000. Originally
published as B 348 – 59 T. Last previous edition B 348 – 99. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
2 4
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
cation SB-348 in Section II of that Code. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.05.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 348
Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion 6. Mechanical Properties
Technique
6.1 Material supplied under this specification shall conform
E 1447 Test Method for the Determination of Hydrogen in
to the mechanical property requirements given in Table 3, as
Titanium and Titanium Alloys by the Inert Gas Fusion
applicable.
Thermal Conductivity Method
6.2 Tension testing specimens are to be machined and tested
in accordance with Test Methods E 8. Tensile properties shall
3. Terminology
be determined using a strain rate of 0.003 to 0.007 in./in./min
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
through the specified yield strength, and then increasing the
3.1.1 bar, n—a hot rolled, forged, or cold worked semifin-
rate so as to produce failure in approximately one additional
ished solid section product whose cross sectional area is equal
minute.
2 2
to or less than 16 in. (10 323 mm ); rectangular bar must be
less than or equal to 10 in. (254 mm) in width and greater than
7. Dimensions, Weight, and Permissible Variations
0.1875 in. (4.8 mm) in thickness.
7.1 Size—Tolerances on titanium and titanium alloy mate-
3.1.2 billet, n—a solid semifinished section hot rolled or
rial covered by this specification shall be as specified in Tables
forged from an ingot, with a cross sectional area greater than 16
2 2 4-11, as applicable.
in. (10 323 mm ) whose width is less than five times its
7.2 Weight—Quantity extras are applicable to individual
thickness.
items of a grade, thickness, width, and length ordered at one
4. Ordering Information time for shipment at one time to one destination. Different
lengths of the same size and grade may be combined for
4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include
quantity extra. The shipping weight of any item of an ordered
the following information as applicable:
size in any finish may exceed the theoretical weight by as much
4.1.1 Grade number (Section 1),
as 10 %.
4.1.2 Product classification (Section 3),
4.1.3 Chemistry (Table 1),
8. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
4.1.4 Mechanical properties (Table 3),
8.1 Titanium and titanium alloy bar and billet shall be free
4.1.5 Marking (Section 16),
of injurious external and internal imperfections of a nature that
4.1.6 Finish (Section 8),
will interfere with the purpose for which it is intended.
4.1.7 Packaging (Section 16),
Annealed material may be furnished as descaled, sandblasted,
4.1.8 Required reports (Section 15), and
ground, or rough turned. The manufacturer shall be permitted
4.1.9 Disposition of rejected material (Section 14).
to remove minor surface imperfections by spot grinding if such
5. Chemical Composition
grinding does not reduce the thickness of the material below
5.1 The grades of titanium and titanium alloy metal covered
the minimum permitted by the tolerance for the thickness
by this specification shall conform to the requirements as to
ordered.
chemical composition prescribed in Table 1.
5.1.1 The elements listed in Table 1 are intentional alloy 9. Sampling
additions or elements which are inherent to the manufacture of
9.1 Samples for chemical analyses shall be representative of
titanium sponge, ingot or mill product.
the material being tested. The utmost care must be used in
5.1.1.1 Elements other than those listed in Table 1 are
sampling titanium for chemical analysis because of its great
deemed to be capable of occurring in the grades listed in Table
affinity for elements such as oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen.
1 by and only by way of unregulated or unanalyzed scrap
Therefore, in cutting samples for analysis, the operation should
additions to the ingot melt. Therefore, product analysis for
be carried out insofar as possible in a dust-free atmosphere.
elements not listed in Table 1 shall not be required unless
Chips should be collected from clean metal and tools should be
specified and shall be considered to be in excess of the intent
clean and sharp. Samples for analysis should be stored in
of this specification.
suitable containers.
5.1.2 Elements intentionally added to the melt must be
9.2 At least two samples for chemical analysis shall be
identified, analyzed and reported in the chemical analysis.
tested to determine chemical composition. Samples shall be
5.2 When agreed upon by the producer and purchaser and
taken from the ingot or from the opposite extremes of the
requested by the purchaser in his written purchase order,
product to be analyzed.
chemical analysis shall be completed for specific residual
elements not listed in this specification.
10. Methods of Chemical Analysis
5.3 Product Analysis— Product analysis tolerances do not
10.1 The chemical analysis shall be conducted by the
broaden the specified heat analysis requirements, but cover
standard techniques normally utilized by the manufacturer and
variations between laboratories in the measurement of chemi-
the purchaser. In case of disagreement Test Methods E 120
cal content. The manufacturer shall not ship material which is
shall be used as the referee method except for carbon, oxygen,
outside the limits specified in Table 1 for the applicable grade.
and hydrogen which are not covered in Test Methods E 120.
Product analysis limits shall be as specified in Table 2.
Test Method E 1409 shall be used as a referee method for
oxygen and Test E 1447 shall be used as a referee method for
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.06. hydrogen.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 348
11. Retests otherwise specified, rejected material may be returned to the
manufacturer at the manufacturer’s expense, unless the pur-
11.1 If the results of any chemical or mechanical property
chaser receives, within three weeks of notice of rejection, other
test lot are not in conformance with the requirements of this
instructions for disposition.
specification, the lot may be retested at the option of the
manufacturer. The frequency of the retest will double the initial
15. Certification
number of tests. If the results of the retest conform to the
15.1 If so requested by the purchaser, the manufacturer shall
specification, then the retest values will become the test values
supply at least one copy of his report certifying that the
for certification. Only original conforming test results or the
material supplied has been inspected and tested in accordance
conforming retest results shall be reported to the purchaser. If
with the requirements of this specification and that the results
the results for the retest fail to conform to the specification, the
of chemical analysis and mechanical tests meet the require-
material will be rejected in accordance with Section 14.
ments of this specification for the appropriate grade.
12. Referee Test and Analysis
16. Packaging and Package Marking
12.1 In the event of disagreement between the manufacturer
16.1 Marking—Unless otherwise specified, individual
and the purchaser on the conformance of the material to the
pieces or bundles shall have attached a metal tag stamped with
requirements of this specification, a mutually acceptable ref-
the purchase order number, the specification number, the
eree shall perform the tests in question. The referee’s testing
nominal size and manufacturer’s heat number, or shall be
shall be used in determining conformance of the material to
boxed and the box marked with the same information. In
this specification.
addition to the above identification, bars 1 in. (25.4 mm) and
13. Rounding-Off Procedure
over in diameter or distance between parallel sides shall be
stamped with the heat number within 2 in. (50.8 mm) of one
13.1 For purposes of determining conformance with the
end.
specifications contained herein, an observed or a calculated
16.2 Packaging—Unless otherwise specified, material pur-
value shall be rounded off to the nearest “unit” in the last
chased under this specification may be packaged for shipment
right-hand significant digit used in expressing the limiting
either by boxing, crating, single boarding, burlapping, or with
value. This is in accordance with the round-off method of
no protection in accordance with the manufacturer’s standard
Practice E 29.
practice.
14. Rejection
17. Keywords
14.1 Material not conforming to this specification or to
authorized modifications shall be subject to rejection. Unless 17.1 bar; billet; titanium; titanium alloy
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
B 348
A
TABLE 1 Chemical Requirements
Composition, %
Element
Grade 1 Grade 2 Grade 3 Grade 4 Grade 5 Grade 6 Grade 7 Grade 9 Grade 11 Grade 12
Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08
B,C
Hydrogen, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015
Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.50 0.40 0.50 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.30
Oxygen, max 0.18 0.25 0.35 0.40 0.20 0.20 0.25 0.15 0.18 0.25
Aluminum . . . . 5.5–6.75 4.0–6.0 . 2.5–3.5 . .
Vanadium . . . . 3.5–4.5 . . 2.0–3.0 . .
Tin . . . . . 2.0–3.0 . . . .
Ruthenium . . . . . . . . . .
Palladium . . . . . . 0.12–0.25 . 0.12–0.25 .
Cobalt . . . . . . . . . .
Molybdenum . . . . . . . . . 0.2–0.4
Chromium . . . . . . . . . .
Nickel . . . . . . . . . 0.6–0.9
Niobium . . . . . . . . . .
Zirconium . . . . . . . . . .
Silicon . . . . . . . . . .
D,E,F
Residuals, 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1
max each
D,E,F
Residuals, 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4
max total
G
Titanium balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance balance
Composition, %
Element
Grade 13 Grade 14 Grade 15 Grade 16 Grade 17 Grade 18 Grade 19 Grade 20 Grade 21 Grade 23
Nitrogen, max 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03
Carbon, max 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.08
B,C
Hydrogen, max 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.015 0.02 0.02 0.015 0.0125
Iron, max 0.20 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.25 0.30 0.30 0.40 0.25
Oxygen, max 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.25 0.18 0.15 0.12
...
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