ASTM E2548-11e1

Standard Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This guide provides information for the sampling of seized-drug submissions.
The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by examination of a portion of the population. For example:   What is the net weight of the population?  What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a given drug at a given level of confidence?
By developing a sampling strategy and implementing appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1, a laboratory will minimize the total number of required analytical determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and scientific requirements are met.
FIG. 1 Relationship of Various Levels Required in Sampling
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers minimum considerations for sampling of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Aug-2011
• ICS: 11.100.30 - Analysis of blood and urine
• Technical Committee: E30 - Forensic Sciences
• Drafting Committee: E30.01 - Criminalistics

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM E2548-11 - Standard Guide for Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2125-19 - Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Phencyclidine and Its Analogues
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2882-19 - Standard Guide for Analysis of Clandestine Drug Laboratory Evidence
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1968-19 - Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Cocaine
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2329-17 - Standard Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E2327-15e1 - Standard Practice for Quality Assurance of Laboratories Performing Seized-Drug Analysis
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E1969-19 - Standard Practice for Microcrystal Testing in Forensic Analysis for Methamphetamine and Amphetamine
• Effective Date: 01-Sep-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation: E2548 − 11
StandardGuide for
Sampling Seized Drugs for Qualitative and Quantitative
1
Analysis
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E2548; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made to Sections 1 and 8 in December 2011.
1. Scope 3.2 The principal purpose of sampling in the context of this
guide is to answer relevant questions about a population by
1.1 Thisguidecoversminimumconsiderationsforsampling
examination of a portion of the population. For example:
of seized drugs for qualitative and quantitative analysis.
1.2 This guide cannot replace knowledge, skill, or ability
What is the net weight of the population?
acquired through appropriate education, training, and experi-
What portion of the units of a population can be said to contain a
ence and should be used in conjunction with sound profes-
given drug at a given level of confidence?
sional judgment.
3.3 By developing a sampling strategy and implementing
2. Referenced Documents
appropriate sampling schemes, as illustrated in Fig. 1,a
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: laboratory will minimize the total number of required analyti-
cal determinations, while ensuring that all relevant legal and
E105 Practice for Probability Sampling of Materials
E122 Practice for Calculating Sample Size to Estimate,With scientific requirements are met.
Specified Precision, the Average for a Characteristic of a
Lot or Process 4. Sampling Strategy
E141 Practice for Acceptance of Evidence Based on the
4.1 Asampling strategy is highly dependent on the purpose
Results of Probability Sampling
of the investigation, the original question, and the ultimate use
E1732 Terminology Relating to Forensic Science
of the results. Laws and legal practices form the foundation of
E2329 Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs
most strategies and shall be taken into account when designing
E2334 Practice for Setting an Upper Confidence Bound For
a sampling scheme. Therefore, specific sampling strategies are
aFractionorNumberofNon-Conformingitems,oraRate
not defined in this guide.
of Occurrence for Non-conformities, Using Attribute
4.2 The laboratory has the responsibility to develop its own
Data, When There is a Zero Response in the Sample
3
2.2 ISO Standards: strategies consistent with these recommendations. It is recom-
mended that the following key points be addressed:
ISO 3534-1 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 1:
Probability and General Statistical Terms
4.2.1 Sampling may be statistical or non-statistical.
ISO 3534-2 Statistics – Vocabulary and Symbols – Part 2:
NOTE 1—For the purpose of this guide, the use of the term statistical is
Statistical Quality Control
meant to include the notion of an approach that is probability-based.
3. Significance and Use
4.2.1.1 In many cases, a non-statistical approach may suf-
3.1 This guide provides information for the sampling of fice. The sampling plan shall provide an adequate basis for
seized-drug submissions. answering questions of applicable law. For example,
Is there a drug present in the population?
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This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E30 on Forensic
Are statutory enhancement levels satisfied by the analysis of a
Sciences and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E30.01 on Criminalistics.
specified number of units?
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2011. Published October 2011. Originally
approved in 2007. Last previous version approved in 2007 as E2548– 07. DOI:
4.2.1.2 If an inference about the whole population is to be
10.1520/E2548-11E01.
2 drawn from a sample, then the plan shall be statistically based
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM and limits of the inference shall be documented.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
4.2.2 Statistically selected units shall be analyzed to meet
the ASTM website.
3
PracticeE2329ifstatisticalinferencesaretobemadeaboutthe
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 1 rue de
Varembé, Case postale 56, CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland, http://www.iso.ch. whole population.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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E2548 − 11
FIG. 1 Relationship of Various Levels Required in Sampling
5. Sampling Scheme 5.2 Population Determination:
5.2.1 The population determination shall take into account
5.1 The sampl
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