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ASTM D4476-09

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic Rods

Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic Rods

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Flexural properties determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.
The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under the loading nose. The use of the semicircular cross section eliminates premature compression shear that has been noted in three-point flexure tests on full-round rods.
Flexural properties may vary with specimen depth, temperature, atmospheric conditions, and differences in rate of straining.
Before proceeding with this test method, reference should be made to the specification of the material being tested. Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials specification shall take precedence over those mentioned in this test method. If there are no material specifications, then the default conditions apply.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the flexural properties of fiber-reinforced pultruded plastic rods. The specimen is a rod with a semicircular cross section, molded or cut from lengths of pultruded rods (see Fig. 1). This test method is designed for rods with a diameter of 1/2 in. or greater.
Note 1—There is no known ISO equivalent for this test method.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Test Specimen

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Aug-2009
ICS
83.120 - Reinforced plastics
Technical Committee
D20 - Plastics
Drafting Committee
D20.18 - Reinforced Thermosetting Plastics
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4476-03 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic Rods
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009
Referred By
ASTM D7745-19 - Standard Practice for Testing Pultruded Composites
Effective Date
01-Sep-2009

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ASTM D4476-09 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic RodsASTM D4476-09 - Standard Test Method for Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic Rods
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4476 − 09
StandardTest Method for
Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic
1
Rods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexural 4.1 Arod of semicircular construction is tested in flexure as
propertiesoffiber-reinforcedpultrudedplasticrods.Thespeci- a simple beam. The specimen rests on two supports and is
men is a rod with a semicircular cross section, molded or cut loaded by means of a loading nose midway between the
from lengths of pultruded rods (see Fig. 1).This test method is supports (see Fig. 3).
1
designed for rods with a diameter of ⁄2 in. or greater.
4.2 The specimen is deflected until rupture occurs in the
outer fibers, or until the maximum fiber strain of 5% is
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent for this test method.
reached, whichever occurs first.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
5. Significance and Use
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
5.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
especiallyusefulforqualitycontrolandspecificationpurposes.
values from the two systems may result in nonconformance
with the standard.
5.2 The maximum axial fiber stresses occur on a line under
the loading nose. The use of the semicircular cross section
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
eliminates premature compression shear that has been noted in
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
three-point flexure tests on full-round rods.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
5.3 Flexural properties may vary with specimen depth,
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
temperature, atmospheric conditions, and differences in rate of
straining.
2. Referenced Documents
5.4 Before proceeding with this test method, reference
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
shouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
Any test specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or
D883Terminology Relating to Plastics
testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the
D3918Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pul-
materials specification shall take precedence over those men-
truded Products
tioned in this test method. If there are no material
E4Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
specifications, then the default conditions apply.
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
6. Apparatus
6.1 TestingMachine—Aproperlycalibratedtestingmachine
3. Terminology
that can be operated at constant rates of crosshead motion over
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see
the range indicated, and in which the error in the load-
Terminology D883 or Definitions D3918.
measuringsystemshallnotexceed 61%ofthemaximumload
expected to be measured. It shall be equipped with a
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D20 on Plastics
deflection-measuring device. The stiffness of the testing ma-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermoset-
chine shall be such that the total elastic deformation of the
ting Plastics.
system does not exceed 1% of the total deflection of the test
Current edition approved Sept. 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
specimen during test, or appropriate corrections shall be made.
approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D4476-03. DOI:
10.1520/D4476-09.
The load-indicating mechanism shall be essentially free of
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
inertial lag at the crosshead rate used. The accuracy of the
contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. ForAnnual Book ofASTM
testing machine shall be verified in accordance with Practices
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. E4.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4476 − 09
NOTE 2—As a general rule, support span-to-depth ratios of 16 to 1 are
satisfactory when the ratio of the tensil
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D4476–03 Designation:D4476–09
Standard Test Method for
Flexural Properties of Fiber Reinforced Pultruded Plastic
1
Rods
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4476; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 Thistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoftheflexuralpropertiesoffiber-reinforcedpultrudedplasticrods.Thespecimen
is a rod with a semicircular cross section, molded or cut from lengths of pultruded rods (see Fig. 1). This test method is designed
1
for rods with a diameter of ⁄2 in. or greater.
NOTE 1—There is no known ISO equivalent for this standard. test method.
1.2The1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated
in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values
from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D3918 Definitions of Terms Relating to Reinforced Plastic Pultruded Parts Terminology Relating to Reinforced Plastic
Pultruded Products
E4 Practices for LoadForce Verification of Testing Machines
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 For definitions of terms used in this test method, see Terminology D883 or Definitions D3918.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 Arod of semicircular construction is tested in flexure as a simple beam. The specimen rests on two supports and is loaded
by means of a loading nose midway between the supports (see Fig. 3).
4.2 The specimen is deflected until rupture occurs in the outer fibers, or until the maximum fiber strain of 5% is reached,
whichever occurs first.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 Flexural properties determined by this test method are especially useful for quality control and specification purposes.
5.2 Themaximumaxialfiberstressesoccuronalineundertheloadingnose.Theuseofthesemicircularcrosssectioneliminates
premature compression shear that has been noted in three-point flexure tests on full-round rods.
5.3 Flexuralpropertiesmayvarywithspecimendepth,temperature,atmosphericconditions,anddifferencesinrateofstraining.
5.4 Beforeproceedingwiththistestmethod,referenceshouldbemadetothespecificationofthematerialbeingtested.Anytest
specimen preparation, conditioning, dimensions, or testing parameters, or combination thereof, covered in the materials
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D20 on Plastics and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D20.18 on Reinforced Thermosetting
Plastics.
Current edition approved NovemberSept. 1, 2003.2009. Published December 2003.September 2009. Originally approved in 1985. Last previous edition approved in
19972003 as D4476-97.D4476-03.
2
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.ForAnnualBookofASTMStandards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4476–09
FIG. 1 Cross Section of Test Specimen
FIG. 2 Arbor Dimensions
specificationshalltakeprecedenceoverthosementionedinthistestmethod.Iftherearenomaterialspecifications,thenthedefault
conditions apply.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machine—Aproperlycalibratedtestingmachinethatcanbeoperatedatconstantratesofcrossheadmotionoverthe
range indicated, and in which the error in the load-measuring system shall not exceed 61% of the maximum load expected to be
measured. It shall be equipped with a deflection-measuring device.The stiffness of the testing machine shall be such that the total
elastic deformation of the system does not exceed 1% of the total deflectio
...

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1.6 Fire properties are determined by using laboratory flammability tests (Test Methods D635, D1929, and E84).  
1.6.1 This standard is used to measure and describe the response of materials, products, or assemblies to heat and flame under controlled conditions, but does not by itself incorporate all factors required for fire hazard or fire risk assessment of the materials, products or assemblies under actual fire conditions.  
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1.7 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8 of this specification. This specification does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this specification to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D3982-21(Specification)
Standard Specification for Contact Molded “Fiberglass” (Glass Fiber Reinforced Thermosetting Resin) Ducts

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the material and design requirements, and fabrication of ducts and hoods made of "fiberglass" (glass fiber reinforced thermosetting resin) consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement manufactured by contact molding, intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at specified temperatures with regard to strength and corrosion resistance. This specification does not address the selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ducts fabricated by contact molding intended for use in handling corrosive fumes and process gases. Special attention is given to equipment that operates at temperatures over 180°F (82.2°C) with regard to strength and corrosion resistance.  
1.2 The material of construction shall be “fiberglass” consisting of a polyester, vinyl ester, or other qualified resin-matrix systems with fiber reinforcement in accordance with Specification C582.  
1.3 This specification is not intended to cover selection of resins and reinforcements for specific chemical environments.  
1.4 This specification covers ducts up to a design pressure of ±5 psig (34.5 Pa).  
1.5 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM C581-20(Practice)
Standard Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Structures Intended for Liquid Service

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 The results obtained by this practice shall serve as a guide in, but not as the sole basis for, selection of a thermosetting resin used in an RTP structure. No attempt has been made to incorporate into the practice all the various factors that will potentially affect the serviceability of an RTP structure when subjected to chemical environments. These factors will potentially include stress, different resin-to-glass ratios, and multiple veils.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice is designed to evaluate, in an unstressed state, the chemical resistance of thermosetting resins used in the fabrication of reinforced thermosetting plastic (RTP) laminates. This practice provides for the determination of changes in the properties, described as follows, of the test specimens and test reagent after exposure of the specimens to the reagent: hardness of specimens, weight change thickness, appearance of specimens, appearance of immersion media, and flexural strength and modulus.  
1.1.1 This practice is also useful to evaluate other factors, such as surfacing veils and the effect of resin additives, on the chemical resistance of the resin.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
Note 1: There is no known ISO equivalent to this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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