ASTM D2354-10(2018)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
Standard Test Method for Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion Vehicles
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D2354 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion
1
Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an
important quality feature of emulsion vehicles.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the mini-
mum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form
4. Apparatus
continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method
4.1 Minimum Film Formation Temperature Bar—An MFFT
includes latex vehicles.
2
unit such as is illustrated in Fig. 1. The bar represented in Fig.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having mini-
1 is designed to be used with thermocouples. The thermo-
mum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
couple leads used with the assembly are iron-constantan with
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
an external resistance of 10 Ω. Also included is a pyrometer
as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
(not shown in Fig. 1).
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only
NOTE 1—Thermometers can be used as an alternative way of measuring
and are not considered standard.
3
5
temperature. It is noted that larger holes ( ⁄32 in.) (4 mm) will have to be
drilled in the bar to accommodate the thermometers. If thermometers are
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
selected, all holes are drilled on the same side of the bar, as opposed to the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
system of alternate placement of holes when using thermocouples.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
NOTE 2—A self-contained unit eliminating the need for any accessories,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
such as for sub-ambient cooling or temperature measurement, and
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. requiring only an electrical outlet, piped water, and an air or nitrogen
4
supply has been developed by ICI Paints Division.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.2 Dry Air or Dry Nitrogen Supply, with a regulating valve
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and flow meter.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
4.3 Film Caster, having a 6-mil (150-µm) clearance.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
5. Reagents and Materials
5.1 Dry Ice.
2. Summary of Test Method
5.2 Isopropanol, anhydrous.
2.1 In this test method the minimum film formation tem-
perature (MFFT) is determined by visual observation of
cracking or whitening in films that have dried over a substrate
2
The sole source of supply of the MFFT bar, Model CS 188, known to the
having a controlled temperature gradient.
committee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific Instrument Corp., 244 East 3rd Street,
Plainfield, NJ 07060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this
3. Significance and Use
information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful consider-
1
ation at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings 3
The sole source of supply of the thermometer, Prince No. A-011044 known to
requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous
the committee at this time is Princo Instruments Inc., 1020 Industrial Hwy.,
Southampton, PA 18966. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide
portion of the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low
this information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful
temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and
1
consideration at a meeting of the responsible technical committee, which you may
thereby their ability to coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand
attend.
4
The sole source of supply of the MFFTBAR units, Models MFFT-60, and
MFFT-90, known to the committee at this time is Rhopoint House, Enviro 21 Park,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint Queensway Avenue South, Queensway, St. Leonards-on-Sea, East Sussex, TN38
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of 9AG, UK. For the name of a local distributor search their website at
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins. www.rhopointinstruments.com. Interested parties
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2354 − 10 D2354 − 10 (Reapproved 2018)
Standard Test Method for
Minimum Film Formation Temperature (MFFT) of Emulsion
1
Vehicles
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2354; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
ε NOTE—Footnote 2 was corrected editorially in March 2013.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the minimum temperature at which emulsion vehicles coalesce to form
continuous films. The term “emulsion” in this test method includes latex vehicles.
1.2 This test method is limited to emulsions having minimum film formation temperatures below 90°C.
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical
conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 In this test method the minimum film formation temperature (MFFT) is determined by visual observation of cracking or
whitening in films that have dried over a substrate having a controlled temperature gradient.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 The satisfactory film integrity of emulsion coatings requires that as the aqueous phase evaporates the resinous portion of
the vehicle coalesces into a continuous film. Low temperature impairs the fluidity of the resin particle and thereby their ability to
coalesce. Vehicles that can withstand low temperatures are therefore required, and MFFT is an important quality feature of
emulsion vehicles.
4. Apparatus
2
4.1 Minimum Film Formation Temperature Bar—An MFFT unit such as is illustrated in Fig. 1. The bar represented in Fig. 1
is designed to be used with thermocouples. The thermocouple leads used with the assembly are iron-constantan with an external
resistance of 10 Ω. Also included is a pyrometer (not shown in Fig. 1).
3
5
NOTE 1—Thermometers can be used as an alternative way of measuring temperature. It is noted that larger holes ( ⁄32 in.) (4 mm) will have to be drilled
in the bar to accommodate the thermometers. If thermometers are selected, all holes are drilled on the same side of the bar, as opposed to the system of
alternate placement of holes when using thermocouples.
NOTE 2—A self-contained unit eliminating the need for any accessories, such as for sub-ambient cooling or temperature measurement, and requiring
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.33 on Polymers and Resins.
Current edition approved July 1, 2010Sept. 1, 2018. Published July 2010September 2018. Originally approved in 1965. Last previous edition approved in 19982010 as
ɛ1
D2354 – 98D2354 – 10 which was withdrawn March 2007 and reinstated in July 2010. DOI: 10.1520/D2354-10E01. DOI: 10.1520/D2354-10R18.
2
The sole source of supply of the MFFT bar, Model CS 188, known to the committee at this time is Dek-Tron Scientific Instrument Corp., 244 East 3rd Street, Plainfield,
NJ 07060. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
1
of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
3
The sole source of supply of the thermometer, Prince No. A-011044 known to the committee at this time is Princo Instruments Inc., 1020 Industrial Hwy., Southampton,
PA 18966. If you are aware of alternative suppliers, please provide this information to ASTM International. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting
1
of the responsible technical committee, which you may attend.
Copyright © AST
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.