ASTM D5165-12(2020)
(Practice)Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
Standard Practice for Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin Kettle
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles production reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user's equipment.
5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use in preparing inks for press testing.
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the gelation of a resin solution, ink varnish, or vehicle using a resin kettle.
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is provided.
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of rating or evaluating resin or vehicle gelability, and is applicable only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish industry viscometers or rheometers.
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Standards Content (Sample)
This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D5165 − 12 (Reapproved 2020)
Standard Practice for
Laboratory Preparation of Gelled Vehicles Using a Resin
Kettle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D5165; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D1545 Test Method for Viscosity of Transparent Liquids by
Bubble Time Method
1.1 This practice covers a laboratory procedure for the
D1725 Practice for Preparing Resin Solutions for Viscosity
gelationofaresinsolution,inkvarnish,orvehicleusingaresin
Measurement by Bubble Time Method
kettle.
D4040 Test Method for Rheological Properties of Paste
1.2 Guidance in preparing gelled vehicle samples suitable
Printing and Vehicles by the Falling-Rod Viscometer
for use in laboratory sample quantity oil-based printing inks is
E1 Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
provided.
3. Terminology
1.3 The procedure outlined is not intended as a means of
3.1 Definitions:
ratingorevaluatingresinorvehiclegelability,andisapplicable
3.1.1 gel or gelled vehicle—any resin solution, or a more
only if the solutions, varnishes, or vehicles produced are of a
complex blend of resins and alkyds that has been cooked to
rheology that is measurable by conventional ink and varnish
buildmolecularweightorreactedwithagellingorcrosslinking
industry viscometers or rheometers.
agent (for example, organo-aluminum compounds) and exhib-
1.4 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
its a pseudoplastic rheology.
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.1.2 pregel or pregel vehicle—the resin solution or vehicle
for information only.
components comprising the vehicle prior to the addition of
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
gelling agent and viscosity adjusting solvent.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.2.1 Discussion—The terms “vehicle” and “varnish” are
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
commonly used interchangeably. Some vehicle and varnish
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
chemists, however, may consider a varnish to be a vehicle that
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
undergoes a chemical reaction during a cooking cycle.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
3.1.3 gel seed, n—a non-homogeneous, gelatinous particle
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
in a gel vehicle, often the result of poor mixing or localized
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
over-reaction during gelation.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4. Summary of Practice
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
4.1 Prepare a pregel vehicle by dissolving all vehicle or
varnish components, or both, in a heated 1-L, resin kettle with
2. Referenced Documents
2 inert gas blanket.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Add gellant solution into the pregel vehicle. Mix using
D154 Guide for Testing of Varnishes (Withdrawn 2018)
the suggested stirring rate at the prescribed reaction tempera-
ture for 1 h.
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and
Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of 4.3 Remove the resin kettle from heat, evaluate, adjust if
Subcommittee D01.37 on Ink Vehicles.
necessary, and re-evaluate.
CurrenteditionapprovedJune1,2020.PublishedJuly2020.Originallyapproved
in 1993. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D5165 – 12. DOI: 10.1520/
5. Significance and Use
D5165-12R20.
5.1 This practice provides a means of preparing gel vehicles
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
in laboratory equipment that most closely resembles produc-
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
tion reactors. It can be used to predict the performance of gel
the ASTM website.
vehicle components (resins, gellants, alkyds, etc.) in the user’s
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. equipment.
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D5165 − 12 (2020)
5.2 An ample amount of gel vehicle can be prepared for use lithographic ink vehicles (for example, aromatic hydrocarbon
in preparing inks for press testing. resins, modified rosin ester resins, long oil linseed isophthalic
alkyds, and aluminum compounds).
6. Apparatus (see Fig. 1)
7.2 Solvents used in this procedure will be those most often
6.1 Balance or Scale, accurate to 0.1 g.
used in the manufacture of lithographic ink vehicles, for
6.2 Resin Kettle, 1-L with 5-neck kettle head. example, hydrocarbon petroleum distillate C12–C16.
6.3 Electric Stirrer, equipped with speed control.
8. Procedure
6.4 Glass Stirring Rod.
8.1 Weigh oil, solvent, and alkyd components for a 500-g
6.5 Paddle, 6.4 cm (2.5 in.) in width.
sample into resin kettle. Do not add resin and gellant compo-
6.6 Heating Mantle, to fit 1-L resin kettle. nents at this time.
6.7 Electronic Temperature Control Device. 8.2 Separately prepare a gellant solution to be added after
resindissolution.Dilutegellanttobetween30and50 %gellant
6.8 Thermometer, capable of reading, 0 to 250°C and
with the major vehicle solvent.
conforming to Specification E1. Alternately, temperature mea-
suring devices such as liquid-in-glass thermometers
...
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