ASTM D4302-99
(Specification)Standard Specification for Artists' Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
Standard Specification for Artists' Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
SCOPE
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for composition, physical properties, performance, and labeling of artists' oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and additives. Requirements are included for pigment identification, lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness requirements in this specification. In order to identify other pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining relative lightfastness are referenced.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D 4302 – 99
Standard Specification for
Artists’ Oil, Resin-Oil, and Alkyd Paints
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 4302; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope tion of Organic Coatings at Room Temperature
D 1729 Practice for Visual Evaluation of Color Differences
1.1 This specification establishes requirements for compo-
of Opaque Materials
sition,physicalproperties,performance,andlabelingofartists’
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
oil, resin-oil, and alkyd paints.
from Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
1.2 This specification covers pigments, vehicles, and addi-
D 2245 Test Method for Identification of Oils and OilAcids
tives. Requirements are included for pigment identification,
in Solvent-Reducible Paints
lightfastness, consistency, and drying time.
D 2369 Test Method for Volatile Content of Coatings
1.3 Table 1 lists some pigments meeting the lightfastness
D 2689 Practices for Testing Alkyd Resins
requirements in this specification. In order to identify other
D 4236 Practice for Labeling Art Materials for Chronic
pigments that meet these requirements, instructions are given
Health Hazards
for test specimen preparation. Test methods for determining
D 4303 Test Methods for Lightfastness of Pigments Used in
relative lightfastness are referenced.
Artists’ Paints
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 4838 Test Method for Determining the Relative Tinting
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Strength of Chromatic Paints
information only.
D 4941 Practice for Preparing Drawdowns ofArtists’ Paste
1.5 This pertains only to the test method found in Section 8.
Paints
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety
E 284 Terminology of Appearance
concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and
3. Terminology
health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
3.1 Definitions:
limitations prior to use.
3.1.1 Colour Index Name—consists of the category (type of
2. Referenced Documents dye or pigment), general hue, and an assigned number given to
a colorant in the Colour Index as an international identifica-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tion system.
D 79 Specification for Zinc Oxide Pigments
3.1.1.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Name
D 185 Test Methods for Coarse Particles in Pigments,
of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is Pigment Blue 15 (PB
Pastes, and Paints
15).
D 387 Test Method for Color and Strength of Color Pig-
3.1.2 Colour Index Number—a five-digit number given in
ments with a Mechanical Muller
2 the Colour Index that describes the chemical constitution of a
D 476 Specification for Titanium Dioxide Pigments
colorant.
D 602 Specification for Barium Sulfate Pigments
3.1.2.1 Discussion—For example, the Colour Index Num-
D 1133 Test Method for Kauri-Butanol Value of Hydrocar-
ber of one phthalocyanine blue pigment is 74160.
bon Solvents
3.1.3 RefertoTerminologyE 284forappearancetermsused
D 1210 TestMethodforFinenessofDispersionofPigment-
in this specification.
Vehicle Systems by Hegman–Type Gage
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
D 1640 Test Methods for Drying, Curing, or Film Forma-
3.2.1 alkali refined oil—triglyceride oil of vegetable origin
that has been treated with alkali to reduce the free acidity by
formation of water-soluble salts, subsequently removed by
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint
washing.
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.57 on Artist Paints and Related Materials.
Current edition approved May 10, 1999. Published July 1999. Originally
published as D 4302 – 83. Last previous edition D 4302 – 98a. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.03. Colour Index, 3rd ed., 5 Vols and Revisions, The Society of Dyers and
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Colourists, London, 1971–75. Available from the American Association of Textile
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.04. Chemists and Colorists, P. O. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 4302
3.2.1.1 Discussion—An appreciable degree of free acidity proprietary or optional name; or if more than one pigment is
may cause a greater development of yellowing in a dried film used, then 5.1.7 covering mixed pigments, can be followed.
of oil. Most artists’ oil paints are ground in alkali refined oil.
5.1.7 Mixed Pigments—Artists’paintscontainingmorethan
3.2.2 alkyd paint—paint containing a resin produced by one pigment comply with this specification if all colored
combining a polybasic acid, a polyhydric alcohol, and the fatty
pigments included in the mixture are on the suitable pigment
acid of a drying vegetable oil. For this specification, the resin list (Table 1) and provided the mixture itself has passed all
produced must be soluble in mineral spirits or turpentine.
other test requirements in this specification. The Common
3.2.3 drier (siccative)—a substance, usually an organome- Names for the pigments in the mixture, or the word “Mixture,”
tallic compound, that accelerates the rate of drying of an oil
must appear under the title in letters no less than the next type
paint or oil medium. size smaller than the title. For example:
3.2.4 oil paint—paint containing an alkali refined triglycer-
PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT PERMANENT GREEN LIGHT
(Cadmium Yellow Light, (Mixture)
ide drying oil of vegetable origin.
Phthalocyanine Blue)
3.2.5 resin-oil paint—paint containing 90 weight % mini-
mum of vehicle solids, vegetable drying oil, and 10 weight % If the word “Mixture” is used under the title, the Common
maximum of vehicle solids replaced by gum or resin.
Names of the pigments in the mixture, as given in Table 1,
must be listed along with their Colour Index Names and the
4. Significance and Use
Lightfastness Category of the mixture somewhere on the label.
4.1 This specification establishes quality requirements and
The lightfastness category shall be that of the least lightfast
provides a basis for common understanding among producers,
pigment. This lightfastness category may be changed if the
distributors, and users.
mixture is tested for lightfastness in accordance with Test
4.2 It is not intended that all paints meeting the require-
Methods D 4303 and results indicating a different category are
ments be identical nor of uniform excellence in all respects.
submitted to ASTM Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation.
Variations in manufacture, not covered by this specification,
5.2 Provide on the label:
may cause some artists to prefer one brand over another, either
5.2.1 Artists’ Oil Paints—Vegetable origin of the oil and
of which may be acceptable under this specification.
method of refinement.
5. Labeling Requirements
NOTE 1—The type of oil can be identified in accordance with Test
Method D 2245.
5.1 Pigment(s) Identification:
5.1.1 Every label shall include for each pigment contained
5.2.2 Artists’ Alkyd Paints—Type of fatty acid used. If free
in the paint (1) the information underlined in Table 1 (which
vegetable oil is used in combination with an alkyd resin,
includes the Common Name, Colour Index Name, and any
declare this also on the label. State if compatible with artists’
additional terms necessary to identify the form of the pigment)
oil paints.
and ( 2) the appropriate Lightfastness Category.
NOTE 2—The type of alkyd can be identified in accordance with
5.1.2 The complete pigment identification given in Table 1,
Practices D 2689.
which also includes the Colour Index Number and a simple
chemical description, shall be given in an appropriate producer
5.2.3 Artists’ Resin-Oil Paints—Vegetable origin and
publication.Manufacturersareencouragedtoputthiscomplete
method of refinement of the oil and type of resin or gum. If the
identification on the container label when label size permits.
colors in a resin-oil paint line contain more than one, or
5.1.3 The Common Name shall be placed on the front of the
different, gums or resins, the identification on the individual
label and shall be the name of the paint except as described in
labels may uniformly include all of the gums or resins used in
5.1.5 and 5.1.6. Other identification may be placed elsewhere
the paint line. Example: “Damar or Mastic Gum.” State if
on the container.
compatible with artists’ oil paints.
5.1.4 The Colour Index name may be spelled out in full or
NOTE 3—The type of oil can be identified in accordance with Test
abbreviated depending on the size of the label. Example:
Method D 2245.
Pigment Blue 15, or Pig. Blue 15 or PB 15.
5.1.5 Substituted Pigment—In the case of substituted pig- 5.3 Lightfastness—The label shall contain the word “Light-
ments, the word “Hue” in equal size letters shall follow in the
fastness” followed by the appropriate rating, I or II, as given
title, on the front of the tube, immediately after the name of the for each pigment in Table 1.
pigment that has been simulated. Directly below the title, the
5.3.1 Lightfastness I pigments, when made into paint speci-
Common Name from Table 1 of the pigment(s) used shall be
mens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and rated
given in letters no less than the next type size smaller than the
in accordance with Test Methods D 4303, shall have a color
title; or if more that one pigment is used, then 5.1.7 covering
difference (DE* ) of 4 or less CIELAB units between the
ab
mixed pigments, can be followed. For example:
specimens measured before and after exposure.
CADMIUM RED MEDIUM HUE COBALT BLUE HUE
5.3.2 Lightfastness II pigments, when made into paint
(Naphthol Red AS-OL) (Mixture)
specimens as described in Section 8 and exposed, tested, and
5.1.6 Proprietary names or optional names may be used rated in accordance with Test Methods D 4303, shall have a
providedtheCommonName(s)giveninTable1appearsonthe colordifference(DE* )ofmorethan4.0butnotmorethan8.0
ab
front of the label directly under the proprietary or optional CIELAB units between the specimens measured before and
name in letters no less than the next type size smaller than the after exposure.
D 4302
5.3.3 Pigments were placed in a lightfastness category on lightfastness rating shall be the numeral given in the same row.
thebasisofeitherknownhistoricalperformanceinartworksor Those pigments listed as “not tested” shall not be used.
the ratings from four lightfastness tests conducted as described
6.4 Driers—Driers may be used in minimal amounts in
inTest Methods D 4303. Results from further tests on these, or paints that contain a pigment which has a retarding effect on
other pigments, are solicited by Subcommittee D01.57.
the drying of oil. This is allowed so these paints can conform
5.3.3.1 The lightfastness category of a pigment shall be to the drying requirements of this specification.
changed if results from several further tests conducted in 6.5 Inerts—Minimal amounts of inert pigments may be
accordance withTest Methods D 4303 and approved byASTM used to produce desirable working qualities and consistency, to
Subcommittee D01.57, establish a different lightfastness cat- prevent separation, to develop chromatic properties, or to
egory than the one given in Table 1. ensure the durability of the paint film.
5.3.3.2 Additional pigments shall be placed in Table 1 after 6.6 Preparation of Sample—Empty the contents of a previ-
they have been tested for lightfastness in accordance with Test
ously unopened container onto a glass slab and mix thoroughly
Methods D 4303 and the test results submitted to ASTM with a spatula to a homogeneous sample.
Subcommittee D01.57 for evaluation, provided the results
6.7 Nonvolatile—The nonvolatile content shall not be less
demonstrate that the pigments have the lightfastness ratings
than 97 weight % for the oil paints and 90 weight % for the
required for Lightfastness I or Lightfastness II, as described
resin-oil paints, as determined by Test Method D 2369.
above.
6.8 Coarse Particles—Paints shall be free of oversize par-
5.3.4 For information and to establish nomenclature, pig- ticles and shall form a uniform film. The maximum content of
ments in Lightfastness III, IV, and V categories are given in
coarse particles shall be 1 weight % as determined by Test
TableX1.1inAppendixX1.However,suchpigmentsarenotto Methods D 185.
be used in paint conforming to this specification.
6.9 Fineness of Dispersion—On a glass plate, using a
5.4 Contents—To be expressed in volumetric measure as
spatula, mix the paint with an equal volume of linseed oil until
required by law. homogeneous. If the paint is very thick, it may be necessary to
5.5 Toxicity—Allproductsandlabelingmustconformtothe addaminimumamountofmineralspiritsorturpentinetomake
Federal Hazardous Substances Act and to Practice D 4236. the paint sufficiently fluid to read the gage accurately. Deter-
5.6 Statement of Conformance—“Conforms to ASTM mine the fineness of dispersion by Test Method D 1210. The
Specification D 4302,” or “Conforms to ASTM D4302,” or maximum allowable grind reading is 1.5 mils (40 µm).
“Conforms to the quality requirements ofASTM D4302.”This 6.10 Consistency—The paste type of paint shall not flow or
statement may be combined with other conformance state- level when applied with a palette knife.
ments, such as, “Conforms to the quality and health require- 6.11 Drying—Using a film applicator with a 3-mil (75-µm)
ments of ASTM Specification D 4302 and Practice D 4236.”
clearance, make a uniform drawdown on a lacquer-sealed
5.7 Address—Include on the label (1) the name and address panel. At a relative humidity of 50 to 75 % and a temperature
of the manufacturer or importer and (2) the country of of 65 to 80°F (18 to 27°C), the dustfree drying time, as
manufacture. determinedbyTestMethodsD 1640,shallnotbemorethanten
days.
6. Quality Assurance for Artists’ Oil Paints and Artists’ 6.12 Tinting strength requirements will be included in this
Resin-Oil Paints specification as appropriate tinting strength standards for
individual pigments are established. Test Method D 387 may
6.1 Conditions Not Covered in This Specification that Affect
be used to determine the tinting strength of pigments or paints
Artists’ Oil and Resin-Oil Paints:
when all ingre
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