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ASTM D3382-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges (4) (5) (6).
Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it may be important to know their charge sum, since this sum can be related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).
Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long , they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D 1868. However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow can be readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D 3382.
Pseudoglow discharges have been observed to occur in air, particularly when a partially conducting surface is involved. Such partially conducting surfaces may develop with polymers that are exposed to partial discharges for sufficiently long periods to accumulate acidic degradation products. Also in some applications, like turbogenerators, where a low molecular weight gas such as hydrogen is used as a coolant, pseudoglow discharges may develop.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow partial discharges:
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D 150). Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial discharges.
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D 1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Apr-2007
ICS
17.220.20 - Measurement of electrical and magnetic quantities
Technical Committee
D09 - Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials
Drafting Committee
D09.12 - Electrical Tests
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D3382-95(2001)e1 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1711-22 - Standard Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D2275-22 - Standard Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges (Corona) on the Surface
Effective Date
01-May-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1868-20 - Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
Effective Date
01-May-2007

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ASTM D3382-07 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge TechniquesASTM D3382-07 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
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ASTM D3382-07 - Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3382 − 07 AnAmerican National Standard
Standard Test Methods for
Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due
1
to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3382; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* tivity (Dielectric Constant) of Solid Electrical Insulation
D1711Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for
D1868Test Method for Detection and Measurement of
measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and
Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insu-
pseudoglow partial discharges:
lation Systems
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss 3
2.2 IEEE Documents
characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm
IEEE 286 Recommended Practice for Measurement of
bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods
Power Factor and Power Factor Tip-up for Rotating
D150). Test Method A can be used to obtain the integrated
Machine Stator Coil Insulation
charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a
IEEE 1434Guide to the Measurement of Partial Discharges
dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ
in Rotating Machinery
with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)
IEEE C57.113Guide for PD Measurements in Liquid-Filled
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different Power Transformers
bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelo- IEEE Standard C57.124Recommended Practice for the
gram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope DetectionofPDandtheMeasurementofApparentCharge
the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy in Dry-Type Transformers
4
loss due to partial discharges.
2.3 AEIC Documents
AEIC T-24-380Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the
AEIC CS5-87Specifications for Thermoplastic and Cross-
measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as
linked Polyethylene Insulated Shielded Power Cables
covered byTest Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both
Rated 5 through 35 kV, 9th Edition, 1987
pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their
charge and energy.
3. Terminology
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 pseudoglow discharge, n—a type of partial discharge,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
whichtakesplacewithinanexpandeddischargechannelandis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
characterized by pulses of relatively low magnitude and long
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.Specificprecaution
rise time.
statements are given in Section 7.
3.1.1.1 Discussion—Pseudoglow discharges occur within a
diffused discharge channel, whose emitted glow fills the entire
2. Referenced Documents
intervening gap or cavity space (1). The discharge rate behav-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
iorasafunctionofappliedvoltageissimilartothatoftherapid
D150Test Methods forAC Loss Characteristics and Permit-
risetimepulse(spark-type)discharges.Thesuccessivepseudo-
glowdischargepulsesoccuroverthefirstquadrantofeachhalf
cycle and in some gases, notably helium, their magnitude is
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on
found to diminish to zero. At this point, a transition to a
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are the direct responsibility of
pulseless glow discharge can occur. Its occurrence, which is
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
manifest by distortion in the sinusoidal voltage wave, is rare.
CurrenteditionapprovedMay1,2007.PublishedJuly2007.Originallyapproved
´1
in 1975. Last previous edition approved in 2001 as D3382–95(2001) . DOI:
10.1520/D3382-07.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM 445 Hoes Ln., P.O. Box 1331, Piscataway, NJ 08854-1331, http://www.ieee.org.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from The Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (AEIC),
the ASTM website. 600 N. 18th St, Birmingham, AL 35291, www.aeic.org.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

...

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Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges(4) (5) (6).  
5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum is related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).  
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5.1 Design calculations for radio frequency (RF), microwave, and millimetre-wave components require the knowledge of values of complex permittivity and permeability at operating frequencies. This test method is useful for evaluating small experimental batch or continuous production materials used in electromagnetic applications. Use this method to determine complex permittivity only (in non-magnetic materials), or both complex permittivity and permeability simultaneously.  
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1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D3382-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using Bridge Techniques

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 These test methods are useful in research and quality control for evaluating insulating materials and systems since they provide for the measurement of charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges(4) (5) (6).  
5.2 Pulse measurements of partial discharges indicate the magnitude of individual discharges. However, if there are numerous discharges per cycle it is occasionally important to know their charge sum, since this sum is related to the total volume of internal gas spaces that are discharging, if it is assumed that the gas cavities are simple capacitances in series with the capacitances of the solid dielectrics (7) (8).  
5.3 Internal (cavity-type) discharges are mainly of the pulse (spark-type) with rapid rise times or the pseudoglow-type with long rise times, depending upon the discharge governing parameters existing within the cavity. If the rise times of the pseudoglow discharges are too long , they will evade detection by pulse detectors as covered in Test Method D1868. However, both the pseudoglow discharges irrespective of the length of their rise time as well as pulseless glow are readily measured either by Method A or B of Test Methods D3382.  
5.4 Pseudoglow discharges have been observed to occur in air, particularly when a partially conducting surface is involved. It is possible that such partially conducting surfaces will develop with polymers that are exposed to partial discharges for sufficiently long periods to accumulate acidic degradation products. Also in some applications, like turbogenerators, where a low molecular weight gas such as hydrogen is used as a coolant, it is possible that pseudoglow discharges will develop.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover two bridge techniques for measuring the energy and integrated charge of pulse and pseudoglow partial discharges:  
1.2 Test Method A makes use of capacitance and loss characteristics such as measured by the transformer ratio-arm bridge or the high-voltage Schering bridge (Test Methods D150). Test Method A has been found useful to obtain the integrated charge transfer and energy loss due to partial discharges in a dielectric from the measured increase in capacitance and tan δ with voltage. (See also IEEE 286 and IEEE 1434)  
1.3 Test Method B makes use of a somewhat different bridge circuit, identified as a charge-voltage-trace (parallelogram) technique, which indicates directly on an oscilloscope the integrated charge transfer and the magnitude of the energy loss due to partial discharges.  
1.4 Both test methods are intended to supplement the measurement and detection of pulse-type partial discharges as covered by Test Method D1868, by measuring the sum of both pulse and pseudoglow discharges per cycle in terms of their charge and energy.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Section 7.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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  • Standard
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ASTM
ASTM D5388-21(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Indirect Measurements of Discharge by Step-Backwater Method

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method is particularly useful for determining the discharge when it cannot be measured directly (such as during high flow conditions) by some type of current meter to obtain velocities and with sounding weights to determine the cross section (refer to Test Method D3858). This test method requires only one high-water elevation, unlike the slope-area test method that requires numerous high-water marks to define the fall in the reach. It can be used to determine a stage-discharge relation without data from several high-water events.  
5.1.1 The user is encouraged to verify the theoretical stage-discharge relation with direct current-meter measurements when possible.  
5.1.2 To develop a rating curve, plot stage versus discharge for several discharges and their computed stages on a rating curve together with direct current-meter measurements.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the computation of discharge of water in open channels or streams using representative cross-sectional characteristics, the water-surface elevation of the upstream-most cross section, and coefficients of channel roughness as input to gradually-varied flow computations.2  
1.2 This test method produces an indirect measurement of the discharge for one flow event, usually a specific flood. The computed discharge may be used to define a point on the stage-discharge relation.  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM E1016-07(2020)(Guide)
Standard Guide for Literature Describing Properties of Electrostatic Electron Spectrometers

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The analyst may use this document to obtain information on the properties of electron spectrometers and instrumental aspects associated with quantitative surface analysis.
SCOPE
1.1 The purpose of this guide is to familiarize the analyst with some of the relevant literature describing the physical properties of modern electrostatic electron spectrometers.  
1.2 This guide is intended to apply to electron spectrometers generally used in Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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