ASTM D1868-20
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
Standard Test Method for Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona) Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The presence of partial discharges (corona) at operating voltage in an insulation system has the potential to result in a significant reduction in the life of the insulating material. Some materials are more susceptible to such discharge damage than others. This characteristic can be investigated using Test Method D2275.
5.2 The presence of partial discharges (corona) in an apparently solid insulation is a potential indication of the existence of internal cavities. Partial discharge tests have been useful in the design and inspection of molded, laminated, and composite insulation, as well as specimens in the form of cables, capacitors, transformers, bushings, stator bars, and rotating machines (1-9), (13), (12). See also AEIC CS5-87, ICEA T-24-380, IEEE 48, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.
5.3 Partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages are used in the determination of the limiting voltage at which an insulation system will operate free of such discharges. The extinction voltage is often substantially lower than the inception voltage. Where the operating voltage is below the inception voltage but above the extinction voltage, it is possible that a transient over-voltage will initiate discharges which then continue until the voltage is lowered below the extinction voltage. Inception and extinction voltages depend upon many factors, including temperature and the rate at which the voltage is changed. After a time at a voltage, it is possible that discharges will start and stop in a nonuniform and unpredictable fashion, especially for discharges within cavities in certain materials, in particular if the discharge degradation products formed are conductive (1), (5).
5.4 The magnitude (pulse height) of a partial discharge is an indication of the amount of energy that it dissipates in the insulation system. Partial discharge magnitude and pulse rate are useful in estimating the rate, or change of rate, at which deterio...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an insulation system under an applied test voltage, including the determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages as the test voltage is raised and lowered. This test method is also useful in determining quantities such as apparent charge and pulse repetition rate together with such integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate, and power. This test method is useful for test voltages ranging in frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately 2000 Hz.
1.2 This test method is directly applicable to a simple insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal capacitor (1), (2).2
1.3 This test method is also applicable to (distributed parameter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable. Consideration must be given to attenuation and reflection phenomena in this type of system. Further information on distributed parameter systems of cables, transformers, and rotating machines will be found in Refs (1-9). (See AEIC CS5-87, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.)
1.4 This test method can be applied to multi-terminal insulation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially where the insulation of inductive windings is involved.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendation...
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1868 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona)
1
Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* 1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
insulation system under an applied test voltage, including the
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
extinction voltages as the test voltage is raised and lowered.
This test method is also useful in determining quantities such
2. Referenced Documents
as apparent charge and pulse repetition rate together with such
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate, and
D149Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
power. This test method is useful for test voltages ranging in
DielectricStrengthofSolidElectricalInsulatingMaterials
frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately
at Commercial Power Frequencies
2000Hz.
D618Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
1.2 This test method is directly applicable to a simple
D2275Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electri-
insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal
cal Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges
2
capacitor (1), (2).
(Corona) on the Surface
1.3 This test method is also applicable to (distributed
D3382Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Inte-
parameter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable.
grated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Co-
Consideration must be given to attenuation and reflection
rona) Using Bridge Techniques
4
phenomena in this type of system. Further information on
2.2 IEEE Standards
distributed parameter systems of cables, transformers, and
IEEE 48Standard Test Procedures and Requirements for
rotating machines will be found in Refs (1-9). (See AEIC
High Voltage Alternating Current Cable Terminations
CS5-87, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE
IEEE 1434-2005Guide to the Measurement of Partial Dis-
1434-2005.)
charges in Rotating Machinery
IEEE C57 113-1991Guide for PD Measurement in Liquid-
1.4 This test method can be applied to multi-terminal
Filled Power Transformers and Shunt Reactors
insulation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially
IEEE C57 124-1991Recommended Practice for the Detec-
where the insulation of inductive windings is involved.
tion of PD and the Measurement of Apparent Charge in
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Dry-Type Transformers
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
2.3 Other Documents:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
AEIC CS5-87Specifications for Thermoplastic and Cross-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
linked Polyethlene Insulated Shielded Power Cables
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
th 5
Rated 5 through 35 kV (9 Edition) October 1987
Specific precaution statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Subcommittee D09.12 on Electrical Tests. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved March 1, 2020. Published March 2020. Originally the ASTM website.
4
approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 2013 as D1868–13. DOI: Available from Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc. (IEEE),
10.1520/D1868-20. 445 Hoes Ln., Piscataway, NJ 08854-4141, http://www.ieee.org.
2 5
Theboldfacenumbersinparenthesesrefertothelistofreferencesattheendof Available from Association of Edison Illuminating Companies (AEIC), P.O.
this test method. Bo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D1868 − 13 D1868 − 20
Standard Test Method for
Detection and Measurement of Partial Discharge (Corona)
1
Pulses in Evaluation of Insulation Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1868; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the detection and measurement of partial discharge (corona) pulses at the terminals of an insulation
system under an applied test voltage, including the determination of partial discharge (corona) inception and extinction voltages
as the test voltage is raised and lowered. TheThis test method is also useful in determining quantities such as apparent charge and
pulse repetition rate together with such integrated quantities as average current, quadratic rate, and power. TheThis test method
is useful for test voltages ranging in frequency from zero (direct voltage) to approximately 2000 Hz.2000 Hz.
1.2 TheThis test method is directly applicable to a simple insulation system that can be represented as a two-terminal capacitor
2
(1),(2)).
1.3 TheThis test method is also applicable to (distributed parameter) insulation systems such as high-voltage cable.
Consideration must be given to attenuation and reflection phenomena in this type of system. Further information on distributed
parameter systems of cables, transformers, and rotating machines will be found in Refs.Refs (11-9), (2),(3), (4),(5),(6),(7),(8), and
(9). (See AEIC CS5-87, IEEE C57 113-1991, IEEE C57 124-1991, and IEEE 1434-2005.)
1.4 TheThis test method can be applied to multi-terminal insulation systems, but at some loss in accuracy, especially where the
insulation of inductive windings is involved.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems,concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and
determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precaution statements are given in Sections 8 and 14.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials at
Commercial Power Frequencies
D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D2275 Test Method for Voltage Endurance of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials Subjected to Partial Discharges (Corona) on
the Surface
D3382 Test Methods for Measurement of Energy and Integrated Charge Transfer Due to Partial Discharges (Corona) Using
Bridge Techniques
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D09.12 on Electrical Tests.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2013March 1, 2020. Published December 2013March 2020. Originally approved in 1961. Last previous edition approved in 20072013
as D1868 – 07.D1868 – 13. DOI: 10.1520/D1868-13.10.1520/D1868-20.
2
The boldface numbers in parentheses refer to the list of references at the end of this test method.
3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
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D1868 − 20
2.2 Other Documents:IEEE Standards
AEIC CS5-87 Specifications for Thermoplastic and Crosslinked Polyethlene Insulated Shielded Power Cables Rated 5 through
th 4
35 kV (9 Edition) October 1987
54
ICEA T-24-380 Guide for Partial Discharge Procedure
IEEE 48 Standard Test Procedures and Requ
...
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