ASTM D8445-22
(Practice)Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure
Standard Practice for Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated Enclosure
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The demand for SPF insulation in homes and commercial buildings has increased as emphasis on energy efficiency increases. In an effort to protect the health and safety of both trade workers and building occupants due to the application of SPF, it is essential that reentry/reoccupancy-times into the structure where SPF has been applied, be established.
5.2 Concentrations of chemical emissions determined in large-scale ventilated enclosure studies conducted by this practice may be used to generate source emission terms for IAQ models.
5.3 The emission factors determined using this practice may be used to evaluate comparability and scalability of emission factors determined in other environments.
5.4 This practice was designed to determine emission factors for chemicals emitted by SPF insulation in a controlled room environment.
5.5 New or existing formulations may be sprayed, and emissions may be evaluated by this practice. The user of this practice is responsible for ensuring analytical methods are appropriate for novel compounds present in new formulations (see Appendix X1 for target compounds and generic formulations).
5.6 This practice may be useful for testing variations in emissions from non-ideal applications. Examples of non-ideal applications include those that are off-ratio, applied outside of recommended range of temperature and relative humidity, or applied outside of manufacturer recommendations for thickness.
5.7 The determined emission factors are not directly applicable to all potential real-world applications of SPF. While this data can be used for VOCs to estimate indoor environmental concentrations beyond three days, the uncertainty in the predicted concentrations increases with increasing time. Estimating longer term chemical concentrations (beyond three days) for SVOCs is not recommended unless additional data (beyond this practice) is used, see (1).4
5.8 During the application of SPF, chemicals deposited on the non-applie...
SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam (SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and factors during SPF application and up to three days following application.
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formulation.
1.4 This practice describes emission testing at ambient room and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room and substrate temperatures and relative humidity.
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emissions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of potential health and regulatory concern including methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligomeric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes, and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although specific chemicals are discussed in this practice, other chemical compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and surfactants are not addressed by this practice. Particulate sizing and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from air phase concentration measurements that may include particle bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for the durati...
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D8445 − 22
Standard Practice for
Measuring Chemical Emissions from Spray Polyurethane
Foam (SPF) Insulation Samples in a Large-scale Ventilated
1
Enclosure
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8445; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope emission rates should only be used for modeling purposes for
the duration of data collection.
1.1 This practice describes procedures for measuring the
1.7 Four quantification methods are described for isocya-
chemical emissions of volatile and semi-volatile organic com-
pounds (VOCs and SVOCs) from spray polyurethane foam nates.Themethodchosenshouldconsidersafetyissuessuchas
flammability, the expected concentration, the presence of
(SPF) insulation samples in a large-scale ventilated enclosure.
isocyanateaerosolduringthephaseofinterest(duringandpost
1.2 This practice is used to identify emission rates and
application), and if the tested SPF is high or low pressure.
factors during SPF application and up to three days following
1.8 This practice references similar standard practices for
application.
design, construction, performance evaluation, and use of full-
1.3 This practice can be used to generate emissions data for
scale chambers for chemical emission testing.
research activities or modeled for the purpose to inform
1.9 This practice references methods for the collection and
potential reentry and reoccupancy times. Potential reentry and
analysis of air samples.
re-occupancy times only apply to the applications that meet
manufacturer guidelines and are specific to the tested formu- 1.10 This practice applies to two-component open cell and
lation.
closed cell SPF insulation system formulations that are pro-
cessed using high-pressure or low-pressure installation pro-
1.4 Thispracticedescribesemissiontestingatambientroom
cessing practices and equipment.
and substrate temperature and relative humidity conditions
1.11 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
recognizing chemical emissions may differ at different room
and substrate temperatures and relative humidity. standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
1.5 This practice does not address all SPF chemical emis-
1.12 This standard does not purport to address all of the
sions. This practice addresses specific chemical compounds of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. The application
potential health and regulatory concern including methylene
of SPF in a ventilated enclosure has the potential to generate
diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI (MDI oligo-
a hazardous condition putting the individual responsible for
meric polyisocyanates mixture), flame retardants, aldehydes,
sprayinginsertsatrisk.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuserofthis
and VOCs including blowing agents, and catalysts. Although
standard to establish appropriate health and safety procedures
specificchemicalsarediscussedinthispractice,otherchemical
and require appropriate certified personal protective equip-
compounds of interest can be quantified (see target compound
ment (PPE) to minimize chemical exposure. Individuals enter-
and generic formulation list in Appendix X1). Other chemical
ing the ventilated enclosure during and after SPF application,
compounds used in SPF such as polyols, emulsifiers, and
for any amount of time, are expected to wear appropriate PPE.
surfactantsarenotaddressedbythispractice.Particulatesizing
1.13 This standard does not purport to address all of the
and distribution are also outside the scope of this practice.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
1.6 Emission rates during application are determined from
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
airphaseconcentrationmeasurementsthatmayincludeparticle
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
bound chemicals. SVOC deposition to floors and ceilings is
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
also quantified for post application modeling inputs. SVOC
1.14 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
1
ThispracticeisunderthejurisdictionofASTMCommitteeD22onAirQuality
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D22.05 on Indoor Air.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
Current edition approved May 1, 2022. Published September 2022. DOI:
10.1520/D8445-22. Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
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