ASTM D6838-04(2010)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test (Withdrawn 2019)
Standard Test Method for Cummins M11 High Soot Test (Withdrawn 2019)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method was developed to assess the performance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits under heavy duty operating conditions selected to accelerate soot production, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine.
This test method may be used for engine oil specification acceptance when all details of this test method are in compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are included in Specification D4485.
The test method was correlated with field service data, determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils in on-highway service. These data are contained in a research report. These same field service oils were used to develop the operating conditions of this test method.
The design of the engine used in this test method is representative of many, but not all, modern diesel engines. This factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions should be considered when extrapolating test results.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins M11 High Soot Test (HST). The test method defines a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. See Annex A1 for general safety precautions.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
This test method is commonly referred to as the Cummins M11 High Soot Test (HST). The test method defines a heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to valve train wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants, this test method was withdrawn in January 2019 in accordance with section 10.6.3 of the Regulations Governing ASTM Technical Committees, which requires that standards shall be updated by the end of the eighth year since the last approval date.
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D6838 − 04 (Reapproved 2010)
Standard Test Method for
Cummins M11 High Soot Test
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D6838; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
Subject Section
Pressurized Oil Fill System 6.2.7
1.1 This test method is commonly referred to as the Cum-
External Oil System 6.2.8
mins M11 High Soot Test (HST). The test method defines a Crankcase Aspiration 6.2.9
Blowby Rate 6.2.10
heavy-duty diesel engine test procedure conducted under high
System Time Responses 6.3
soot conditions to evaluate oil performance with regard to
Oil Sample Containers 6.4
Mass Balance 6.5
valve train wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.
Engine and Cleaning Fluids 7
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
Test Oil 7.1
Test Fuel 7.2
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
Engine Coolant 7.3
only.
Solvent 7.4
Preparation of Apparatus 8
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Cleaning of Parts 8.1
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Crosshead Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.6
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Rod Bearing Cleaning and Measurement 8.1.7
Engine Assembly 8.2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
General 8.2.1
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. See AnnexA1 for
Parts Reuse and Replacement 8.2.2
general safety precautions.
Build-Up Oil 8.2.3
Coolant Thermostat 8.2.4
1.4 Table of Contents:
Oil Thermostat 8.2.5
Subject Section
Fuel Injectors 8.2.6
Scope 1
New Parts 8.2.7
Referenced Documents 2
Operational Measurements 8.3
Terminology 3
Units and Formats 8.3.1
Summary of Test Method 4
Instrumentation Calibration 8.3.2
Significance and Use 5
Temperatures 8.3.3
Apparatus 6
Pressures 8.3.4
Test Engine Configuration 6.1
Flow Rate 8.3.5
Test Engine 6.1.1
Engine/Stand Calibration and Non-Reference 9
Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, and Block 6.1.2
Oil Tests
Off Plate
General 9.1
Oil Pan Modification 6.1.3
Calibration Configuration 9.2
Engine Control Module 6.1.4
New Test Stand 9.3
Air Compressor and Fuel Pump 6.1.5
Engine/Stand Calibration Period 9.4
Test Stand Configuration 6.2
Change of Calibration Configuration 9.5
Engine Mounting 6.2.1
Stand Modification and Calibration Status 9.6
Intake Air System 6.2.2
Test Numbering System 9.7
Aftercooler 6.2.3
Reference Oil Test Acceptance 9.8
Exhaust System 6.2.4
Unacceptable Reference Oil Test 9.9
Fuel Supply 6.2.5
Reference Oil Accountability 9.10
Coolant System 6.2.6
Non-Reference Oil Tests 9.11
Test Procedure 10
Engine Installation and Stand Connections 10.1
Coolant System Fill 10.2
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Oil Fill for Break-in 10.3
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricantsand is the direct responsibility of
Fuel Samples 10.4
Subcommittee D02.B0.02 on Heavy Duty Engine Oils.
Engine Warm-up 10.5
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2010. Published November 2010. Originally Engine Break-in 10.6
approved in 2002. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as D6838–04. DOI: Shutdown and Maintenance 10.7
200-h Test Procedure 10.8
10.1520/D6838-04R10.
Oil Fill for Test 10.8.2
The ASTM Test Monitoring Center (TMC) will update changes in this test
Zero-h Oil Sample 10.8.3.1
method by means of Information Letters. This edition incorporates revisions in all
Operating Conditions 10.8.4
InformationLettersthroughNo.03-1.Informationlettersmaybeobtainedfromthe
Injection Timing Change 10.8.5
ASTM Test Monitoring Center, 6555 Penn Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15206-4489,
%Soot Validity 10.8.6
Attention: Administrator.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
D6838 − 04 (2010)
by Potentiometric Titration
Subject Section
Test Timer 10.8.7
D1319TestMethodforHydrocarbonTypesinLiquidPetro-
Operational Data Acquisition 10.8.8
leum Products by Fluorescent Indicator Adsorption
Oil Purge, Sample and Addition 10.8.9
D2500Test Method for Cloud Point of Petroleum Products
Full and Drain Weight 10.8.9.2
End of Test (EOT) 10.9
D2622Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products by
Engine Disassembly 10.9.4
Wavelength Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometry
Calculations, Ratings and Test Validity 11
D2709Test Method for Water and Sediment in Middle
Crosshead Mass Loss 11.1
Rod Bearing Mass Loss 11.2
Distillate Fuels by Centrifuge
Sludge Ratings 11.3
D2896TestMethodforBaseNumberofPetroleumProducts
Piston Ratings 11.4
Oil Filter Plugging 11.5 by Potentiometric Perchloric Acid Titration
Oil Analyses 11.6
D4485Specification for Performance ofActiveAPI Service
Oil Consumption 11.7
Category Engine Oils
Fuel Analyses 11.8
Ring Mass Loss 11.9 D4737Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
Assessment of Operational Validity 11.10
Variable Equation
Assessment of Test Interpretability 11.11
D4739Test Method for Base Number Determination by
Test Report 12
Potentiometric Hydrochloric Acid Titration
Precision and Bias 13
Keywords 14
D5185Test Method for Multielement Determination of
Used and Unused Lubricating Oils and Base Oils by
Annexes
Safety Precautions Annex A1 Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrom-
Mandatory Supplier List Annex A2
etry (ICP-AES)
Engine Build Parts Kit Annex A3
D5302Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Sensor Locations and Special Hardware Annex A4
External Oil System Annex A5 Oils for Inhibition of Deposit Formation and Wear in a
Fuel Specification Annex A6
Spark-Ignition Internal Combustion Engine Fueled with
Cummins Service Publications Annex A7
Gasoline and Operated Under Low-Temperature, Light-
Specified Units and Formats Annex A8
Report Forms Annex A9
Duty Conditions (Withdrawn 2003)
Sludge Rating Forms Annex A10
D5844Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine
Piston Rating Locations Annex A11
Oils for Inhibition of Rusting (Sequence IID) (Withdrawn
Oil Analyses Annex A12
Oil Filter Plugging Annex A13 2003)
Determination of Operational Validity Annex A14
D5967Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in
T-8 Diesel Engine
Appendixes
Non-Mandatory Suppliers List Appendix X1
D6557TestMethodforEvaluationofRustPreventiveChar-
Typical System Configurations Appendix X2
acteristics of Automotive Engine Oils
E29Practice for Using Significant Digits in Test Data to
2. Referenced Documents
Determine Conformance with Specifications
2.1 ASTM Standards:
E344Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
D86Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products and
etry
Liquid Fuels at Atmospheric Pressure 5
2.2 Coordinating Research Council:
D92Test Method for Flash and Fire Points by Cleveland
CRC Manual No. 12
Open Cup Tester
CRC Manual No. 18 (Revised May, 1994)
D97Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D129Test Method for Sulfur in Petroleum Products (Gen-
3. Terminology
eral High Pressure Decomposition Device Method)
3.1 Definitions:
D130Test Method for Corrosiveness to Copper from Petro-
3.1.1 blind reference oil, n—a reference oil, the identity of
leum Products by Copper Strip Test
which is unknown by the test facility. D5844
D287Test Method forAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
3.1.2 blowby, n—in internal combustion engines, the com-
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
bustion products and unburned air-and-fuel mixture that enter
D445Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of Transparent
the crankcase. D5302
andOpaqueLiquids(andCalculationofDynamicViscos-
ity) 3.1.3 calibrate, v—todeterminetheindicationoroutputofa
D482Test Method for Ash from Petroleum Products measuring device with respect to that of a standard. E344
D524Test Method for Ramsbottom Carbon Residue of
3.1.4 heavy-duty, adj— in internal combustion engine
Petroleum Products
operation, characterized by average speeds, power output, and
D613Test Method for Cetane Number of Diesel Fuel Oil
internal temperatures that are close to the potential maximum.
D664Test Method for Acid Number of Petroleum Products
D4485
3 4
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM www.astm.org.
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Coordinating Research Council, Inc., 219 Perimeter
the ASTM website. Parkway, Atlanta, GA 30346.
D6838 − 04 (2010)
3.1.5 heavy-duty engine, adj—in internal combustion 4.3 Aforced oil drain, oil sample, and oil addition, equiva-
engines,onethatisdesignedtoallowoperationcontinuouslyat lent to an oil consumption of 0.21 g/kW-h, is performed at the
or close to its peak output. D4485 end of each 25-h period.
3.1.6 non-referenceoil,n—anyoilotherthanareferenceoil,
4.4 The test stand is equipped with the appropriate instru-
such as a research formulation, commercial oil, or candidate mentation to control engine speed, fuel flow, and other oper-
oil. D5844
ating parameters.
3.1.7 non-standard test, n—a test that is not conducted in
4.5 Oilperformanceisdeterminedbyassessingvalvecross-
conformance with the requirements in the standard test
head wear, sludge deposits, and oil filter plugging.
method, such as running on uncalibrated test stand using
different test equipment, applying different equipment assem- 5. Significance and Use
blyprocedures,orusingmodifiedoperatingconditions. D5844
5.1 This test method was developed to assess the perfor-
3.1.8 reference oil, n—an oil of known performance
mance of an engine oil to control engine wear and deposits
characteristics, used as a basis for comparison. D5844
under heavy duty operating conditions selected to accelerate
soot production, valve train wear, and deposit formation in a
3.1.9 sludge, n—in internal combustion engines, a deposit,
turbocharged, aftercooled four-stroke-cycle diesel engine.
principally composed of insoluble resins and oxidation prod-
uctsfromfuelcombustionandthelubricant,thatdoesnotdrain
5.2 This test method may be used for engine oil specifica-
from engine parts but can be removed by wiping with a cloth.
tion acceptance when all details of this test method are in
D5302
compliance. Applicable engine oil service categories are in-
cluded in Specification D4485.
3.1.10 test oil, n—any oil subjected to evaluation in an
established procedure. D6557
5.3 The test method was correlated with field service data,
determined from side-by-side comparisons of two or more oils
3.1.11 wear, n—the loss of material from, or relocation of
in on-highway service. These data are contained in a research
material on, a surface.
report. These same field service oils were used to develop the
3.1.11.1 Discussion—Wear generally occurs between two
operating conditions of this test method.
surfaces moving relative to each other, and is the result of
mechanical or chemical action or by a combination of me-
5.4 The design of the engine used in this test method is
chanical and chemical actions. D5844
representativeofmany,butnotall,moderndieselengines.This
factor, along with the accelerated operating conditions should
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
be considered when extrapolating test results.
3.2.1 crosshead, n—an overhead component, located be-
tween the rocker arm and each intake valve and exhaust valve
6. Apparatus
pair,thattransfersrockerarmtraveltotheopeningandclosing
of each valve pair.
6.1 Test Engine Configuration:
3.2.1.1 Discussion—Each cylinder has two crossheads, one 6.1.1 Test Engine—The Cummins M11 330 E is an 11 L
for each pair of intake valves and exhaust valves. in-line turbocharged six-cylinder heavy-duty diesel engine.
The engine features a U.S. 1994 emissions configuration with
3.2.2 overhead, n—in internal combustion engines, the
electronic control of fuel metering and fuel injection timing.
components of the valve train located in or above the cylinder
Obtain the test engine and the engine build parts kit from the
head.
supplier listed in A2.2. The components of the engine build
3.2.3 overfuel, v—an operating condition in which the fuel
parts kit are shown in Table A3.1.
flow exceeds the standard production setting.
6.1.2 Oil Heat Exchanger, Adapter Blocks, and Block-off
3.2.4 valve train, n— in internal combustion engines, the
Plate—The oil heat exchanger is relocated from the stock
series of components such as valves, crossheads, rocker arms,
position with the use of adapter blocks as shown in Fig.A4.1.
push rods, and camshaft, that open and close the intake and
Install an oil cooler block-off plate on the back of the coolant
exhaust valves.
thermostat housing as shown in Fig.A4.1. The adapter blocks
may be obtained from the supplier listed in X1.3. Control the
4. Summary of Test Method
oiltemperaturebydirectingenginecoolantthroughtheoilheat
exchanger (see Fig. A4.2).
4.1 This test method uses a Cummins M11 330 E diesel
6.1.3 Oil Pan Modification—Modifytheoilpanasshownin
engine. Test operation includes a 25-min. warm-up, a 2-h
Fig. A4.3. A modified oil pan may be obtained from the
break-in,and200hinfour50-hstages.DuringstagesAandC,
supplier listed in X1.3.
theengineisoperatedwithretardedfuelinjectiontimingandis
6.1.4 Engine Control Module (ECM)—Obtain the ECM
overfueled to generate excess soot. During stages B and D, the
from the supplier listed in A2.2. The ECM programming has
engine is operated at higher load conditions to induce valve
been modified to provide overfueling and retarded injection
train wear.
timing to increase soot generation and overhead wear.
4.2 Prior to each test, the engine is cleaned and assembled
with new cylinder liners, pistons, piston rings, and overhead
valve train components. All aspects of the assembly are
Supporting data have been filed atASTM International Headquarters and may
specified. be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1440.
D6838 − 04 (2010)
TABLE 2 Warm-up Conditions
6.1.5 Air Compressor and Fuel Pump—The engine-
mounted air compressor is not used for this test method. Stage
Remove the air compressor and install the fuel injection pump Parameter Unit A B C D E
in its place (see Fig. A4.4). The fuel injection pump is driven Stage Length min 5 5555
Speed r/min 700 1200 1600 1600 1600
with Cummins coupling P/N 208755. The coupling may be
Torque Nom 135 270 540 1085 1470
obtained from the supplier listed in X1.1.
Coolant Out °C 105 105 105 105 105
A
Temperature
...
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