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ASTM D1464-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

Standard Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method is not recommended for acceptance testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather than quantitative in nature (see Section 12).
The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and the green by the thin-walled fibers.
The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness, and degree of wall development.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers a test for the characterization of certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test method is especially applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted to cotton yarns and fabrics.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
31-Dec-2006
ICS
59.080.01 - Textiles in general
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.11 - Cotton Fibers
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D1464-90(2002) - Standard Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D1464-12 - Standard Practice for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
Effective Date
01-Feb-2012
Referred By
ASTM D1442-06(2019) - Standard Test Method for Maturity of Cotton Fibers (Sodium Hydroxide Swelling and Polarized Light Procedures)
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D7139-20 - Standard Terminology for Cotton Fibers
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007
Referred By
ASTM D1441-12(2020) - Standard Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
Effective Date
01-Jan-2007

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ASTM D1464-07 - Standard Test Method for Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D1464–07
Standard Test Method for
1
Differential Dyeing Behavior of Cotton
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1464; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 5.2 The response of fibers to the dye mixture is indicative of
the uniformity of dyeing, the probability of dyeing defects due
1.1 This test method covers a test for the characterization of
to neps, and the difficulties to be expected from heterogeneity
certain dyeing behavior of cotton. This test method is espe-
of fibers that differ in dyeing characteristics. In general, the red
cially applicable to raw cotton fibers, but may also be adapted
dye is retained predominantly by the thick-walled fibers and
to cotton yarns and fabrics.
the green by the thin-walled fibers.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.3 The color response of the specimens to the dyes in the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
binary mixture reflects the behavior to be expected with many
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
other dyes. The colors from red to green may be influenced by
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
factors such as weather during the growing period, exposure of
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
open bolls in the field before harvest, natural color, fineness,
2. Referenced Documents and degree of wall development.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6. Apparatus
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
6.1 Balance,havingacapacityof1000gandasensitivityof
D1441 Practice for Sampling Cotton Fibers for Testing
0.05 g.
D7139 Terminology for Cotton Fibers
6.2 Beakers, preferably of stainless steel, having capacities
3. Terminology
of 400, 1200, 2000, and 3000 mL.
6.3 Clothes Wringer, or Centrifuge.
3.1 ForallterminologyrelatedtoD13.11,CottonFibers,see
6.4 Cylinders, graduated, having capacities of 5, 10, 25, 50,
Terminology D7139.
100, and 500 mL or Burets (automatic, screw-top, acid-bottle
3.1.1 The following term is relevant to this standard: differ-
type preferred).
ential dyeing behavior.
6.5 Büchner Filter Funnel, coarse, fritted-disk, 80-mm.
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, see Termi-
6.6 Source of Suction.
nology D123.
6.7 Sewing Machine, or Needle and Thread.
4. Summary of Test Method
6.8 Timer (with Second Hand), or Stop Watch.
6.9 Wiley Mill, laboratory, intermediate model.
4.1 Specimens are dyed under specified conditions in a bath
containing a mixture of prescribed red and green dyes. The
7. Reagents and Material
resultant colors are compared with those of cottons of known
7.1 Dyes:
dyeing behavior or fiber properties.
7.1.1 CI Direct Green 26 (Color Index No. 34045), 1 g/100
5. Significance and Use
mL stock solution.
7.1.2 CI Direct Red 81 (Color Index No. 28160), 0.5 g/100
5.1 This test method is not recommended for acceptance
mL stock solution.
testing because the information obtained is qualitative rather
7.2 Distilled Water.
than quantitative in nature (see Section 12).
7.3 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose, low viscosity (“Car-
bose D”).
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
7.4 Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Solution (1 %)—
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.11 on Cotton Fibers.
Dissolve 0.1 g of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose in distilled
Current edition approved Jan. 1, 2007. Published January 2007. Originally
approved in 1957T. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D1464–90(2002). water and dilute to 100 mL.
DOI: 10.1520/D1464-07.
2
NOTE 1—Any commercially available distilled water or water singly
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
distilled in laboratory glassware is acceptable.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D1464–07
7.5 Sodium Chloride Solution (1 %)—Dissolve1gofre- remove the unbound dye, and squeeze or centrifuge. Handle
agent grade NaCl in 100 mL of distilled water. each bagged specimen separately during this operation, but
7.6 Bleached Gauze, such as cheesecloth, or gauze having a treat all in as nearly the same manner as possible to ensure
fabric count of 28 by 24 (approx 11 by 9.5/10 mm). uniform treatment and rapid uniform removal of the hot water.
NOTE 3—The after-treatment with b
...

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Section  
Fabric Rolls  
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1.1 This terminology standard is a compilation of definitions of technical terms related to force and deformation properties when evaluating a stress-strain curve of a textile. (See Figs. X1.1 and X1.2.) A chart showing the relationship of the basic terms is shown in Table 1. Terms that are generally understood or adequately defined in other readily available sources are not included.  
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1.1 This standard is a compilation of all terminology developed by Subcommittee D13.62 on Labeling and related to refurbishing or care of floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture, excluding leather. These items cannot be refurbished by the laundering and dry cleaning methods used for apparel and other domestic textile products.  
1.2 This document defines terms for the care of textile floor coverings and textile upholstered furniture. The exact care instructions and sequence of procedures are to be determined by the manufacturer.  
1.3 The recommended terminology covers common meanings used by both textile technologists and consumers.  
1.4 This terminology is not applicable to unattached fabrics, such as slipcovers, used for covering furniture.  
1.5 When care labels are provided, a standardized terminology in a logical sequence facilitates the maximum disclosure of essential information in small label space and assists understanding of recommended care practices by the consumer.  
1.6 The use of either a permanent or a nonattached care instruction should not preclude the use of the alternative as an additional source of information to the consumer.  
1.7 The term “only” in any label term limits the procedure to the stated instruction.  
1.8 This terminology is unique to the care of textile floor coverings and upholstered furniture. Meanings of the same terms outside the industry can be found in other compilations or dictionaries of general usage.  
1.9 In addition to being a specialized dictionary, Terminology D5253 is also useful for managing the subcommittee's terminology.  
1.10 Terms listed are under the jurisdiction of SC D13.62.  
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5.1 Qualitative and quantitative fiber identification is actively pursued by committee RA24 (Fiber Identification) of AATCC and presented in AATCC Test Methods 20 and 20A. Since precision and bias development is also part of the AATCC test methods, both AATCC and ASTM D13 have agreed that new development will take place in RA24. However, because there is valuable information still present in the ASTM standards, D13.51 has agreed Test MethodsD276 and D629 will be maintained as active standards by ASTM.  
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5.3 The effects of the various reagents used in the chemical methods on the residual fibers in a blend depend upon the history of the fibers and, unless otherwise stated, are generally too small o...
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1.2.1.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers:  
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Hemp
Flax
Ramie
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1.2.2.1 Cellulose-Base Fibers:  
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Triacetate
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Section  
Referenced Documents  
2  
Terminology  
3  
Summary of Methods  
4  
Uses and Significance  
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Sampling  
7  
Purity of Reagents  
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Mechanical Separation or Dissection  
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Chemical Test Methods:  
Summary of Methods  
11  
Specimens and Symbols  
12  
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13  
No. 2 Modacrylic Mixed With Cellulosic Fiber or Wool  
14  
No. 3 Nylon 6 or Nylon 6-6 Mixed With Natural Fibers or Rayon  
15  
No. 4 Rayon Mixed With Cotton  
16  
No. 5 Wool or Polyester Mixed With Cellulosic Fibers or Silk  
17  
No. 6 Polyester or Acrylic Mixed With Wool  
18  
No. 7 Natural Cellulosic Material and Rayon Mixed With Acrylic, Modacrylic, and Polyester  
19  
No. 8 Polyester Mixed With Olefin  
20  
No. 9 Polyester Mixe...

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ASTM
ASTM D6419-00(2023)(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Volatile Content of Sheet-Fed and Coldset Web Offset Printing Inks

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This test method is the procedure of choice for determining volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset inks. This information is useful to the ink manufacturer and user and to environmental interests as part of the determination of the mass of volatile organic compounds emitted from the ink.
Note 3: Since these inks do not contain water or any materials currently classified by US EPA as negligibly photochemically reactive (exempt solvents), volatile organic compound content is the same as volatile content. The volatile organic compounds in these inks are high boiling hydrocarbon oils which are, according to US EPA guidelines, 95 % retained in the printed substrate or oxidized into the ink film. Therefore, the mass of volatile organic compound emitted from the ink would be calculated as only 5 % of the volatile organic compound content of the ink as derived from the results of this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method describes a procedure for determination of the weight percent volatile content of sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing inks. Test specimens are heated at 110 °C ± 1 °C for 60 min.
Note 1: Coldset web offset printing is often (also) referred to as non-heatset web offset printing.  
1.2 This test method is also applicable to sheet-fed and coldset web offset printing ink vehicles.
Note 2: Vehicle is the liquid portion of the printing ink. Any substance that is dissolved in the liquid portion of the ink is a part of the vehicle.  
1.3 This test method is not applicable to ultra-violet (UV) or electron beam cured materials, which must be cured by exposure to UV light or an electron beam as part of the test for volatile content.  
1.4 This test method is based on Test Method D2369, in which the allowable ranges are ±0.1 g for specimen weight and ±5 °C for oven temperature. Interlaboratory studies have shown that specimen weight and oven temperature must both be more tightly controlled in order to improve the precision of test results for sheet-fed and coldset web-offset inks. Such inks typically contain a wide range of high-boiling hydrocarbons and often have a volatile content below 25 %.  
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For a specific hazard statement see 7.5.1  
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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