ASTM A874/A874M-98(2009)

Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable low temperature service. Castings shall be produced by casting or heat treatment and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no massive carbides. The iron shall conform to the required chemical composition for carbon, silicon, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, copper, nickel and chromium. The iron shall conform to the required tensile properties such as tensile strength, yield strength and elongation. Graphite contained in the microstructure shall be evaluated and the percentage of each graphite type shall be estimated. The surface of the casting shall be examined visually and shall be free from adhering sand, scale cracks, and hot tears.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable for service at temperatures of −40°F [–40°C] and above.
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Apr-2009
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2004) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009
• Replaced By: ASTM A874/A874M-98(2014) - Standard Specification for Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Apr-2014
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-May-2009

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A874/A874M −98(Reapproved 2009)
Standard Specification for
Ferritic Ductile Iron Castings Suitable for Low-Temperature
Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA874/A874M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E562Test Method for Determining Volume Fraction by
Systematic Manual Point Count
1.1 This specification covers ductile iron castings suitable
E689Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings
for service at temperatures of −40°F [–40°C] and above.
E709Guide for Magnetic Particle Testing
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in 3. Ordering Information
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
the following applicable information:
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
3.1.1 Drawing, catalog number, or part identification,
with the standard.
3.1.2 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
1.3 The following precautionary statement pertains only to
3.1.3 ASTM designation and year of issue,
the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:This
3.1.4 Marking instructions (see Section 15),
standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns,
3.1.5 Place of inspection (see 13.1),
if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user
3.1.6 Limits on residual elements (see 5.2),
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
3.1.7 Visual and dimensional acceptance standard (see 7.1),
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
3.1.8 Sampling plan (see Section 9), and
tions prior to use.
3.1.9 Supplementary requirements.
2. Referenced Documents
4. Materials and Manufacture
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.1 Castings may be supplied either as cast or heat treated
A247Test Method for Evaluating the Microstructure of
and shall have essentially a ferritic structure that contains no
Graphite in Iron Castings
massive carbides.
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
5. Chemical Composition
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
5.1 Theironshallconformtotherequirementsforchemical
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
composition shown in Table 1.
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
5.2 By agreement between the manufacturer and purchaser,
E94Guide for Radiographic Examination
analysis may be required and limits established for elements
E165Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination for General
not specified in Table 1.
Industry
E351TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofCastIron—All
6. Mechanical and Microstructural Properties
Types
6.1 Tensile Properties—The iron shall conform to the re-
quirements for tensile properties shown in Table 2.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A04 on Iron
6.2 Microstructure—Graphite contained in the microstruc-
Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings. ture shall be evaluated in accordance with Test Method A247.
Current edition approved May 1, 2009. Published September 2009. Originally
The percent of each graphite type shall be estimated, and the
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2004 as A874/A874M-98
total of all estimates shall equal 100%. The total percent of
(2004). DOI: 10.1520/A0874_A0874M-98R09.
Types 1 and 2 graphite shall be a minimum of 90%.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on 7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
the ASTM website.
3 7.1 The surface of the casting shall be examined visually
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
www.astm.org. and shall be free from adhering sand, scale, cracks, and hot
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A874/A874M − 98 (2009)
TABLE 1 Chemical Composition
11. Test Methods
Element Minimum, % Maximum, %
11.1 Conduct the tension test in accordance with Test
Total carbon 3.0 3.7
Methods E8.
Carbon equivalent (carbon + ⁄3 silicon) . . . 4.5
Silicon 1.2 2.3
11.2 Determinetheyieldstrengthusingoneofthefollowing
Phosphorous . . . 0.03
methods:
Magnesium . . . 0.07
Manganese . . . 0.25 11.2.1 The 0.2% offset method, or
Copper . . . 0.1
11.2.2 Extension under load method where the yield
Nickel . . . 1.0
strength may be determined as the stress producing an elonga-
Chromium . . . 0.07
tion under load of 0.330%, that is, 0.0066 in. [0.165 mm] in a
gage length of 2 in. [50 mm].
TABLE 2 Tensile Properties
11.3 Determine the percent of each graphite nodule type by
Tensile Strength, Yield Strength, Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm],
manual coating, semi-automatic, or automatic image analysis
min, psi [MPa] min, psi [MPa] min, %
methods. The manual count method shall prevail when the
45 000 [300] 30 000 [200] 12 [12]
resultsofothermethodsdiffer.Magnificationshallbeat100×.
11.4 Spectrometric methods may be used for chemical
analysis. Should a dispute arise concerning chemical compo-
tears. Other surface discontinuities shall meet visual and
sition, use Test Methods E351 and E30 for referee methods.
dimensional acceptance standards specified in the order.
12. Records
7.2 Conditioning of castings is permitted to the extent that
the removal of metal does not extend into the envelope of the
12.1 Records of the chemical composition, mechanical
finishedcontaineranddoesnotalterthepropertiesofthemetal
properties, and the metallographic examination shall be sys-
remaining in the finished container.
tematically made and maintained.
8. Repair 13. Inspection
8.1 Castings
...