ASTM D7371-12
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
Standard Test Method for Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters) Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Biodiesel is a blendstock commodity primarily used as a value-added blending component with diesel fuel.
This test method is applicable for quality control in the production and distribution of diesel fuel and biodiesel blends containing FAME.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel in diesel fuel oils. It is applicable to concentrations from 1.00 to 20 volume % (see Note 1). This procedure is applicable only to FAME. Biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) will cause a negative bias.
Note 1—Using the proper ATR sample accessory, the range maybe expanded from 1 to 100 volume %, however precision data is not available above 20 volume %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation: D7371 − 12
StandardTest Method for
Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters)
Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
1
(FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel in diesel fuel oils.
Analytical Standards
It is applicable to concentrations from 1.00 to 20 volume %
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four
(see Note 1). This procedure is applicable only to FAME.
Variable Equation
Biodiesel in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) will
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples
cause a negative bias.
of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
NOTE 1—Using the proper ATR sample accessory, the range maybe
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
expandedfrom1to100volume %,howeverprecisiondataisnotavailable
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
above 20 volume %.
Measurement System Performance
1.2 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100)
regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
for Middle Distillate Fuels
for information only.
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
(B6 to B20)
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quanti-
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
tative Analysis
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Analysis
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectro-
2. Referenced Documents
photometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated
2
2.1 ASTM Standards: Using Surrogate Mixtures
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate 3. Terminology
Fuels
3.1 Definitions:
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of
Gravity), or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
fats, designated B100. D6751
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel
Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
with petroleum-based diesel fuel. D7467
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the abbreviation BXX, the XX rep-
Petroleum Products
resents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
D6751
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
3.1.3 diesel fuel, n—petroleum-based middle distillate fuel.
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.04.0F on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
3.1.4 multivariate calibration, n—process for creating a
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published July 2012. Originally
model that relates component concentrations or properties to
approved in 2007. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D7371-07. DOI:
10.1520/D7371-12.
the absorbances of a set of known reference samples at more
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
than one wavelength or frequency. E1655
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. modelisappliedtotheanalysisofspectraofunknownsamples
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
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D7371 − 12
background spectrum for correction of the ratioed spectrum for each
to provide an estimate of the component concentration or
sample spectrum measured. This operation is generally automated in
property values for the unknown sample.
today’s spectrometer systems and the operator should consult the manu-
3.1.4.2 Discussion—The multivariate calibration alg
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D7371–07 Designation: D7371 – 12
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters)
Content in Diesel Fuel Oil Using Mid Infrared Spectroscopy
1
(FTIR-ATR-PLS Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7371; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the content of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) biodiesel in diesel fuel oils.
It is applicable to concentrations from 1.00 to 20 volume % (see Note 1). This procedure is applicable only to FAME. Biodiesel
in the form of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) will cause a negative bias.
NOTE 1—Using the properATR sample accessory, the range maybe expanded from 1 to 100 volume %, however precision data is not available above
20 volume %.
1.2 The values stated in SI units of measurement are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D975 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oils
D976 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index of Distillate Fuels
D1298 Test Method for Density, Relative Density (Specific Gravity), orAPI Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid Petroleum
Products by Hydrometer Method
D4052 Test Method for Density, Relative Density, and API Gravity of Liquids by Digital Density Meter
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as Analytical Standards
D4737 Test Method for Calculated Cetane Index by Four Variable Equation
D5854 Practice for Mixing and Handling of Liquid Samples of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
Measurement System Performance
D6751 Specification for Biodiesel Fuel Blend Stock (B100) for Middle Distillate Fuels
D7467 Specification for Diesel Fuel Oil, Biodiesel Blend (B6 to B20)
E168 Practices for General Techniques of Infrared Quantitative Analysis
E1655 Practices for Infrared Multivariate Quantitative Analysis
E2056 Practice for Qualifying Spectrometers and Spectrophotometers for Use in Multivariate Analyses, Calibrated Using
Surrogate Mixtures
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions:
3.1.1 biodiesel, n—a fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats,
designated B100. D6751
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.04.0F
on Absorption Spectroscopic Methods.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2007. Published October 2007. DOI: 10.1520/D7371-07.
CurrenteditionapprovedApril15,2012.PublishedJuly2012.Originallyapprovedin2007.Lastpreviouseditionapprovedin2007asD7371-07.DOI:10.1520/D7371-12.
2
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7371 – 12
3.1.2 biodiesel blend, BXX, n—a blend of biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based diesel fuel. D7467
3.1.2.1 Discussion—In the abbreviation BXX, the XX represents the volume percentage of biodiesel fuel in the blend.
D6751
3.1.3 diesel fuel, n—petroleum-based middle distillate fuel.
3.1.4 multivariate calibration, n—process for creating a model that relates component concentrations or properties to the
absorbances of a set of known reference samples at more than one wavelength or frequency. E1655
3.1.4.1 Discussion—The resultant multivariate calibration model is applied to the analysis of spectra of
...
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