ASTM E1109-86(2004)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
Standard Test Method for Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method describes a physical property of solid waste in processing facilities; a property that characterizes the solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource recovery separators and processors.
The bulk density is an important property for the design of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method determines the bulk density of various fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid waste processing plants.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precautionary information is given in Section .
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Designation:E1109–86 (Reapproved 2004)
Standard Test Method for
Determining the Bulk Density of Solid Waste Fractions
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E1109; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method determines the bulk density of various 4.1 Asample of a solid waste stream is tamped in a cubical
fractions from the resource recovery processing of municipal container of known volume and then weighed. Bulk density is
solid waste. It is intended as a means of characterizing such calculated from the weight of the contents and volume of the
fractions and for providing data useful to designers of solid container.
waste processing plants.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 5.1 This test method describes a physical property of solid
waste in processing facilities; a property that characterizes the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- solid waste streams and hence the operation of resource
recovery separators and processors.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary information is given in Section 7. 5.2 The bulk density is an important property for the design
of materials handling equipment, separators, and processors.
2. Referenced Documents
6. Apparatus
2.1 ASTM Standards:
6.1 Balance—A balance or scale accurate within 0.1% of
C702 Practice for Reducing Samples of Aggregate to Test-
ing Size the test load at any point within the range of use. The range of
use shall be considered to extend from the weight of the
D75 Practice for Sampling Aggregates
E689 Reference Radiographs for Ductile Iron Castings measure empty to the weight of the measure plus its contents.
6.2 Cubical Measure, with internal dimensions approxi-
E1107 Test Method for Measuring the Throughput of
Resource-Recovery Unit Operations mately 60 by 60 by 60 cm (24 by 24 by 24 in.) provided with
handles. The interior surfaces of the measure shall be nonab-
3. Terminology
sorbent to moisture.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
NOTE 1—A satisfactory weigh box has been constructed of ⁄4 in. (1.9
3.1.1 bulk density—the mass per unit volume of particulate
cm) exterior grade plywood with the finished surface on the inside.
matter. Bulk density is not an absolute material property as is 1
Reinforcing strips, approximately 5 cm (2 in.) wide and 1.3 cm ( ⁄2 in.)
the density of individual particles of a material. The bulk
thick were fastened to the outside walls; two of them in a way to provide
handles.
density depends on the size of the container and how the
material is loaded into the container. For example, the bulk
6.3 Largercubicalweighboxesshallbeusedasnecessaryto
density of material placed loosely in a container will be less
accommodate large particles of material. No particle larger
than that of material tamped into a container. Also, some
than two-thirds the length, height, or width of the weigh box
materials placed loosely in a container will settle with time due
shall be put into the weigh box in determining the bulk density.
to its own weight; thus, its bulk density will increase.
7. Precautions
7.1 This procedure calls for the handling of solid waste and
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D34 on Waste
Management and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D34.03 onTreatment,
its processed fractions. Because the origin of all the materials
Recovery and Reuse.
is generally unknown, workers must use proper safety precau-
Current edition approved Sept. 28, 2004. Published June 1986. DOI: 10.1520/
tions when handling samples. Workers shall wear gloves and
E1109-86R04.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or safety glasses. When appropriate, dust masks shall be worn.
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Workers must be cautioned to wash their hands thoroughly
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
before eating or smoking.
the ASTM website.
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E1109–86 (2004)
8. Sampling 10.4 Weigh the filled box 60.1 % and calculate the bulk
density to three significant figures.
8.1 Sample shall be obtained from the processor
...
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