ASTM B769-11(2016)

Standard Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The intent of this method is to provide a means of measuring the ultimate shear strength of aluminum-alloy wrought and cast products. Data obtained by this method are used to calculate minimum properties that can be utilized in the design of structural members such as found in aircraft. It is recognized that loading conditions developed by this method, and by most others, are not ideal in that they do not strictly satisfy the definition of pure shear. However, rarely do pure shear conditions exist in structures.
Note 2: This method is not interchangeable with that described in Test Method B565. Shear strengths obtained by Test Method B565 are about 10 % lower than those developed by this test method.  
5.2 The presence of a lubricant on the surface of the specimen and fixture may result in shear strengths up to 3 % lower than those determined in the absence of lubrication (see 8.1 and Test Method B565).
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers double-shear testing of wrought and cast aluminum products to determine shear ultimate strengths.  
Note 1: The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.  
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2016
• ICS: 77.150.10 - Aluminium products
• Technical Committee: B07 - Light Metals and Alloys
• Drafting Committee: B07.05 - Testing

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B769 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* 4. Summary of Test Method
1.1 This test method covers double-shear testing of wrought 4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a machined
and cast aluminum products to determine shear ultimate cylindrical test specimen to double-shear loading in a test
fixture using a tension (or compression) testing machine to
strengths.
determine the shear stress required to fracture the specimen,
NOTE1—Thevaluesstatedininch-poundunitsaretoberegardedasthe
that is, the shear strength.
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information
only.
5. Significance and Use
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the
5.1 The intent of this method is to provide a means of
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
measuring the ultimate shear strength of aluminum-alloy
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
wrought and cast products. Data obtained by this method are
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
usedtocalculateminimumpropertiesthatcanbeutilizedinthe
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
design of structural members such as found in aircraft. It is
recognized that loading conditions developed by this method,
2. Referenced Documents
and by most others, are not ideal in that they do not strictly
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the
satisfy the definition of pure shear. However, rarely do pure
dateofmaterialpurchase,unlessotherwisenotedformapartof
shear conditions exist in structures.
this specification to the extent referenced herein:
NOTE 2—This method is not interchangeable with that described inTest
2.2 ASTM Standards:
Method B565. Shear strengths obtained by Test Method B565 are about
B565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum and
10 % lower than those developed by this test method.
Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and
5.2 The presence of a lubricant on the surface of the
Rods
specimen and fixture may result in shear strengths up to 3 %
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
lower than those determined in the absence of lubrication (see
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
8.1 and Test Method B565).
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in
ASTM Test Methods
6. Apparatus
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
6.1 Testing Machines—The testing machines shall conform
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
to the requirements of Practices E4. The loads used to
determine the shear strength shall be within the loading range
3. Terminology
of the testing machine as defined in Practices E4.
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to shear testing in
6.2 Loading Device:
Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used in this test
6.2.1 The loading device shall be a double-shear test fixture
method.
of the type shown in Fig. 1. The fixture shall be made of tool
steel having a Rockwell hardness from 60 to 62 HRC. A
suitable alternative is to use a lower-strength steel for the main
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light
frame of the fixture and have only the steel inserts hardened
Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on
from 60 to 62 HRC.
Testing.
6.2.2 The shearing edges of the holes shall have a radius of
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2016. Published November 2016. Originally
no more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). The mating surfaces of
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as B769 – 11. DOI:
10.1520/B0769-11R16.
the center and outside dies shall have a finish of 16 µin.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
(0.4 µm) R or less. There shall be sufficient clearances
a
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
between the die interfaces to ensure that no binding occurs;
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. clearance should not exceed 0.002 in. (0.051 mm).
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B769 − 11 (2016)
FIG. 1 Three Views of Amsler Shear Tool
Consequently, the rigidity of the test fixture must be such that commonly used size, but up to 0.500-in. (12.7-mm) diameter
this clearance is maintained throughout the test; in instances specimens have been used.
where the device is loaded in compression as in Fig. 1, care
7.3 Measurements of the specimen diameter shall be made
must be taken to ensure there is no binding between the dies at
to the nearest 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Measurements are to be
the interfaces during the test.
made at the two shear planes; the average of the two diameters
6.2.3 The nominal length of the center and outside dies of
will be used to calculate the specimen cross-sectional area.
the tool shown in Fig. 1 is 1 in. (25.4 mm). It has been
3 7.4 The maximum clearance between the specimen diam-
demonstrated that die lengths of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) for ⁄8-in.
eter and the test-hole diameter shall not exceed 0.0015 in.
(9.52 mm) diameter specimens give test results comparable to
(0.038 mm).
dies 1 in. in length. The initial minimum length of any one die
shall be 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) for specimens up through 0.375 in.
7.5 The finish shall be 32 µin. (0.8 µm) R or less.
a
(9.52 mm) in diameter. The minimum die lengths for speci-
mens greater than 0.375 in. in diameter should be kept in about
8. Specimen Orientation and Direction
the same proportion as that of the 0.375-in. diameter specimen;
8.1 The shear strength of an aluminum material usually
that is, die length/specimen diameter equal to ⁄3 .As a result of
depends on the specimen orientation and the direction in which
sharpening, dies shall be replaced when lengths are less than
the load is applied relative to the grain flow in the specimen.
95 % of the original lengths.
The specimen orientation and the loading direction should be
NOTE 3—The specimen should not be restrained by clamping circum-
identified by the following systems:
ferentially or end loading during the test.
8.1.1 The reference directions for rectangular shapes are
indicated in Fig. 2; these are suitable for plate, extrusions,
7. Test Specimens
forgings and other shapes of nonsymmetrical grain flow.
7.1 The minimum length of the cylindrical specimens shall
8.1.2 The reference directions for certain cylindrical shapes
be equal to the combined lengths of the three dies in accor-
where the longitudinal axis is the predominate grain flow are
dance with 6.2.3.
indicated in Fig. 3. The terminology in F
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B769 − 11 B769 − 11 (Reapproved 2016)
Standard Test Method for
Shear Testing of Aluminum Alloys
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B769; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope*
1.1 This test method covers double-shear testing of wrought and cast aluminum products to determine shear ultimate strengths.
NOTE 1—The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 The following documents of the issue in effect on the date of material purchase, unless otherwise noted form a part of this
specification to the extent referenced herein:
2.2 ASTM Standards:
B565 Test Method for Shear Testing of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Rivets and Cold-Heading Wire and Rods
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines
E6 Terminology Relating to Methods of Mechanical Testing
E177 Practice for Use of the Terms Precision and Bias in ASTM Test Methods
E691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to Determine the Precision of a Test Method
3. Terminology
3.1 The definitions of terms relating to shear testing in Terminology E6 are applicable to the terms used in this test method.
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 This test method consists of subjecting a machined cylindrical test specimen to double-shear loading in a test fixture using
a tension (or compression) testing machine to determine the shear stress required to fracture the specimen, that is, the shear
strength.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The intent of this method is to provide a means of measuring the ultimate shear strength of aluminum-alloy wrought and
cast products. Data obtained by this method are used to calculate minimum properties that can be utilized in the design of structural
members such as found in aircraft. It is recognized that loading conditions developed by this method, and by most others, are not
ideal in that they do not strictly satisfy the definition of pure shear. However, rarely do pure shear conditions exist in structures.
NOTE 2—This method is not interchangeable with that described in Test Method B565. Shear strengths obtained by Test Method B565 are about 10 %
lower than those developed by this test method.
5.2 The presence of a lubricant on the surface of the specimen and fixture may result in shear strengths up to 3 % lower than
those determined in the absence of lubrication (see 8.1 and Test Method B565).
6. Apparatus
6.1 Testing Machines—The testing machines shall conform to the requirements of Practices E4. The loads used to determine
the shear strength shall be within the loading range of the testing machine as defined in Practices E4.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B07 on Light Metals and Alloys and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee B07.05 on Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2016. Published December 2011November 2016. Originally approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 20072011
as B769B769 – 11.–07. DOI: 10.1520/B0769-11.10.1520/B0769-11R16.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
B769 − 11 (2016)
6.2 Loading Device:
6.2.1 The loading device shall be a double-shear test fixture of the type shown in Fig. 1. The fixture shall be made of tool steel
having a Rockwell hardness from 60 to 62 HRC. A suitable alternative is to use a lower-strength steel for the main frame of the
fixture and have only the steel inserts hardened from 60 to 62 HRC.
6.2.2 The shearing edges of the holes shall have a radius of no more than 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). The mating surfaces of the
center and outside dies shall have a finish of 16 μin. (0.4 μm) (0.4 μm) R or less. There shall be sufficient clearances between the
a
die interfaces to ensure that no binding occurs; clearance should not exceed 0.002 in. (0.051 mm). Consequently, the rigidity of
the test fixture must be such that this clearance is maintained throughout the test; in instances where the device is loaded in
compression as in Fig. 1, care must be taken to ensure there is no binding between the dies at the interfaces during the test.
6.2.3 The nominal length of the center and outside dies of the tool shown in Fig. 1 is 1 in. (25.4 mm). It has been demonstrated
that die lengths of 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) for ⁄8-in. (9.52 mm) diameter specimens give test results comparable to dies 1 in. in length.
The initial minimum length of any one die shall be 0.5 in. (12.7 mm) for specimens up through 0.375 in. (9.52 mm) in diameter.
The minimum die lengths for specimens greater than 0.375 in. in diameter should be kept in about the same proportion as that of
the 0.375-in. diameter specimen; that is, die length/specimen diameter equal to ⁄3 . As a result of sharpening, dies shall be replaced
when lengths are less than 95 % of the original lengths.
NOTE 3—The specimen should not be restrained by clamping circumferentially or end loading during the test.
7. Test Specimens
7.1 The minimum length of the cylindrical specimens shall be equal to the combined lengths of the three dies in accordance
with 6.2.3.
7.2 The minimum specimen size shall be ⁄16 in. (4.76 mm) in diameter. The 0.375-in. (9.52-mm) diameter specimen is a
commonly used size, but up to 0.500-in. (12.7-mm) diameter specimens have been used.
7.3 Measurements of the specimen diameter shall be made to the nearest 0.0005 in. (0.013 mm). Measurements are to be made
at the two shear planes; the average of the two diameters will be used to calculate the specimen cross-sectional area.
7.4 The maximum clearance between the specimen diameter and the test-hole diameter shall not exceed 0.0015 in. (0.038 mm).
7.5 The finish shall be 32 μin. (0.8 μm) R or less.
a
Davies, R. E., and Kaufman, J. G., “Effects of Test Method and Specimen Orientation on Shear Strengths of Aluminum Alloys,” Proceedings, ASTM, Vol 64, 1964.
FIG. 1 Three Views of an Amsler Shear Tool
B769 − 11 (2016)
8. Specimen Orientation and Direction
8.1 The shear strength of an aluminum material usually depends on the specimen orientation and the direction in whic
...