ASTM A571/A571M-01(2015)

Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service

ABSTRACT
This specification covers austenitic ductile iron castings for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service. The castings covered here are Type D-2M, Class 1, Class 2, Class 3, and Class 4. The castings shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is capable of producing castings. Heat and product analyses shall be performed wherein specimens shall conform to required chemical composition of carbon, silicon, manganese, nickel, chromium, and phosphorus. The castings shall undergo tension tests and impact tests, and shall conform to the following mechanical requirements: tensile strength, yield strength, elongation, Brinell hardness, and Charpy V-notch.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification2 covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.  
1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free of flake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix down to −423°F [−252°C] (liquid hydrogen).  
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.  
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2015
• ICS: 77.140.80 - Iron and steel castings
• Technical Committee: A04 - Iron Castings
• Drafting Committee: A04.02 - Malleable and Ductile Iron Castings

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM A571/A571M-01(2011) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015
• Replaced By: ASTM A571/A571M-01(2019) - Standard Specification for Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2019
• Referred By: ASTM A834-95(2020) - Standard Specification for Common Requirements for Iron Castings for General Industrial Use
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2015

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: A571/A571M −01 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing
Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designationA571/A571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope E23Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Me-
2 tallic Materials
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron, Type
E30TestMethodsforChemicalAnalysisofSteel,CastIron,
D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps,
Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
valves, and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily
E59Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination
for low-temperature service.
of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized
by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and
3. Ordering Information
free of flake graphite.They are essentially free of carbides and
3.1 Ordersformaterialunderthisspecificationshallinclude
contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic
the following information:
matrix down to −423°F [−252°C] (liquid hydrogen).
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units
3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,
are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in
3.1.3 Material class (Table 1),
each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each
3.1.4 Impact test temperature requirement (Section 11),
system shall be used independently of the other. Combining
3.1.5 Place of inspection (Section 13), and
values from the two systems may result in non-conformance
with the standard. 3.1.6 Certification requirements (Section 14).
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
4. Materials and Manufacture
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the
test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification: This
4.1 Material—The iron shall be made in the electric-arc
standarddoesnotpurporttoaddressallofthesafetyconcerns,
furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which
ifany,associatedwithitsuse.Itistheresponsibilityoftheuser
is capable of producing castings meeting the chemical compo-
of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health
sitions and mechanical properties in this specification.
practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limita-
4.2 Heat Treatment:
tions prior to use.
4.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated.
2. Referenced Documents 4.2.2 Heat treatment shall be performed before machining
except in instances when reheat treating is necessary.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2.3 Heat treatment shall consist of annealing. The proce-
A941TerminologyRelatingtoSteel,StainlessSteel,Related
dure for this type treatment shall consist of heating the casting
Alloys, and Ferroalloys
to a minimum of 1600°F [870°C] but not greater than 1800°F
E8Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
[980°C]holdingatthattemperaturenotlessthan1h/in.[1h/25
mm] of section and furnace cooling. (See Terminology A941.)
This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 on
Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable
5. Chemical Requirements
and Ductile Iron Castings.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2015. Published November 2015. Originally
5.1 Drillings taken from test coupons, broken test speci-
approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as A571/
mens or castings shall conform to the requirements as to
A571M–01(2011). DOI: 10.1520/A0571_A0571M-01R15.
chemical composition prescribed in Table 2.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi-
cation SA-571 in Section II of that code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on
the ASTM website. www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A571/A571M − 01 (2015)
A
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Tensile Strength, min, ksi [mPa] 65 60 [450] [415]
B
Yield Strength 0.2 % (offset), min, ksi [mPa] 30 25 [205] [170]
Elongation, min, % 30 25 30 25
Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg [kgf] 121–171 111–171 121–171 111–171
Charpy V-notch, ft·lbf [J]
min, average 3 tests 15 20 [20] [27]
C
min, individual test 12 15 [16] [20]
A
Heat-treated condition.
B
Yield Strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset by the offset method, see Test Methods E8. Other methods may be agreed upon by mutual consent of manufacturer
and purchaser.
C
Not more than one test in a set of three may be below the minimum average required for the set of three.
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
8. Sampling
Element Composition, %
8.1 The standard test coupons shall be the 1-in. [25-mm]
A
Total carbon 2.2–2.7
“Y”blockand1-in.[25-mm]keelblockasshowninFig.1and
Silicon 1.5–2.50
Fig. 2, respectively.
Manganese 3.75–4.5
Nickel 21.0–24.0
8.2 The separately cast test coupons from which the tension
B
Chromium 0.20 max
Phosphorus 0.08 max test specimens are machined shall be cast to the size and shape
A
1 shown in Fig. 1 or Fig. 2. The size of coupon cast to represent
For castings with sections under ⁄4 in. [6 mm], it may be desirable to adjust the
carbon upwards to a maximum of 2.90 %.
the casting shall be at the option of the purchaser. In case no
B
Not intentionally added.
option is expressed, the manufacturer shall make the choice.
8.3 Test coupons shall be poured immediately after the
castings and from the same ladle of metal. Test coupons shall
be left in the mold until they have cooled black. Test coupons
5.2 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on
shall be included in the same furnace load as the castings they
either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers ap-
represent (see Fig. 3).
proximately ⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] thick cut from test coupons.
Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of
9. Number of Tests and Retests
graphite.
9.1 Test coupons shall be poured from each ladle treated
6. Physical Property Requirements with nodulizing agent unless otherwise specified.
6.1 Tensile Properties—The room temperature mechanical
propertiesofthetwoclassesofductileironusedforthecasting
shallconformtotherequirementsfortheheat-treatedcondition
shown in Table 1.
6.2 Impact Properties—The notched-bar impact properties
of the materials shall be determined by testing a set of three
Charpy V-notch impact specimens to the energy absorption
requirements shown in Table 1. The test temperature shall be
agreeduponbythemanufacturerandthepurchaser.Theenergy
absorption value shown in Table 1 are applicable at tempera-
tures down to and including −320°F [−195°C].
6.3 Brinell Hardness—The room temperature hardness of
“Y’’ Block Size
test bars and castings shall conform to the requirements of
“Y” Block Size
Table 1.
For Castings For Castings For Castings
Dimen- of Thickness of Thickness of Thickness
1 1 1 1
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance sions Less Than ⁄2 ⁄2 to 1 ⁄2 in. of 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm]
in. [12.5 mm] [12.5 to 40 mm] and Over
7.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions and
in. [mm] in. [mm] in. [mm]
tolerances on the drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if no
A ⁄2 [12.5] 1 [25] 3 [75]
drawing has been provided, to the dimensions predicated by
B 1 [25] 2 ⁄8 [55] 5 [125]
C 2 [50] 3 [75] 4 [100]
thepatternsuppliedbythepurchaser.Thecastingsshallbefree
D 4 [100] 6 [150] 8 [200]
from injurious defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free of
E 7 [175] 7 [175] 7 [175]
burnt-on san
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: A571/A571M − 01 (Reapproved 2011) A571/A571M − 01 (Reapproved 2015)
Standard Specification for
Austenitic Ductile Iron Castings for Pressure-Containing
Parts Suitable for Low-Temperature Service
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A571/A571M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope
1.1 This specification covers austenitic ductile iron, Type D-2M, Classes 1 and 2, for compressors, expanders, pumps, valves,
and other pressure-containing parts intended primarily for low-temperature service.
1.2 These grades of austenitic ductile iron are characterized by having their graphite substantially in a spheroidal form and free
of flake graphite. They are essentially free of carbides and contain sufficient alloy content to produce a stable austenitic matrix
down to −423°F [−252°C] (liquid hydrogen).
1.3 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each
system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the
two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.
1.3.1 Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets.
1.4 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test methods portion, Section 11, of this specification:This standard
does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this
standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A941 Terminology Relating to Steel, Stainless Steel, Related Alloys, and Ferroalloys
E8 Test Methods for Tension Testing of Metallic Materials
E23 Test Methods for Notched Bar Impact Testing of Metallic Materials
E30 Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Steel, Cast Iron, Open-Hearth Iron, and Wrought Iron (Withdrawn 1995)
E59 Practice for Sampling Steel and Iron for Determination of Chemical Composition (Withdrawn 1996)
3. Ordering Information
3.1 Orders for material under this specification shall include the following information:
3.1.1 Quantity (weight or number of pieces),
3.1.2 ASTM designation and year of issue,
3.1.3 Material class (Table 1),
3.1.4 Impact test temperature requirement (Section 11),
3.1.5 Place of inspection (Section 13), and
3.1.6 Certification requirements (Section 14).
4. Materials and Manufacture
4.1 Material—The iron shall be made in the electric-arc furnace, induction furnace, cupola, or any other furnace which is
capable of producing castings meeting the chemical compositions and mechanical properties in this specification.
This specification is under the jurisdiction of the ASTM Committee A04 on Iron Castings and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee A04.02 on Malleable and
Ductile Iron Castings.
Current edition approved March 1, 2011Nov. 1, 2015. Published September 2011November 2015. Originally approved in 1966. Last previous edition approved in 20062011
as A571/A571M – 01 (2011).(2006). DOI: 10.1520/A0571_A0571M-01R11.10.1520/A0571_A0571M-01R15.
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specification SA-571 in Section II of that code.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
The last approved version of this historical standard is referenced on www.astm.org.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
A571/A571M − 01 (2015)
A
TABLE 1 Mechanical Property Requirements
Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Class 4
Tensile Strength, min, ksi [mPa] 65 60 [450] [415]
B
Yield Strength 0.2 % (offset), min, ksi [mPa] 30 25 [205] [170]
Elongation, min, % 30 25 30 25
Brinell Hardness, 3000 kg [kgf] 121–171 111–171 121–171 111–171
Charpy V-notch, ft·lbf [J]
min, average 3 tests 15 20 [20] [27]
C
min, individual test 12 15 [16] [20]
A
Heat-treated condition.
B
Yield Strength shall be determined at 0.2 % offset by the offset method, see Test Methods E8. Other methods may be agreed upon by mutual consent of manufacturer
and purchaser.
C
Not more than one test in a set of three may be below the minimum average required for the set of three.
4.2 Heat Treatment:
4.2.1 All castings shall be heat treated.
4.2.2 Heat treatment shall be performed before machining except in instances when reheat treating is necessary.
4.2.3 Heat treatment shall consist of annealing. The procedure for this type treatment shall consist of heating the casting to a
minimum of 1600°F [870°C] but not greater than 1800°F [980°C] holding at that temperature not less than 1 h/in. [1 h/25 mm]
of section and furnace cooling. (See Terminology A941.)
5. Chemical Requirements
5.1 Drillings taken from test coupons, broken test specimens or castings shall conform to the requirements as to chemical
composition prescribed in Table 2.
5.2 The chemical analysis for total carbon shall be made on either chilled cast pencil-type specimens or thin wafers
approximately ⁄32-in. [0.8-mm] thick cut from test coupons. Drillings shall not be used because of attendant loss of graphite.
6. Physical Property Requirements
6.1 Tensile Properties—The room temperature mechanical properties of the two classes of ductile iron used for the casting shall
conform to the requirements for the heat-treated condition shown in Table 1.
6.2 Impact Properties—The notched-bar impact properties of the materials shall be determined by testing a set of three Charpy
V-notch impact specimens to the energy absorption requirements shown in Table 1. The test temperature shall be agreed upon by
the manufacturer and the purchaser. The energy absorption value shown in Table 1 are applicable at temperatures down to and
including −320°F [−195°C].
6.3 Brinell Hardness—The room temperature hardness of test bars and castings shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.
7. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance
7.1 The castings shall conform to the dimensions and tolerances on the drawings furnished by the purchaser, or if no drawing
has been provided, to the dimensions predicated by the pattern supplied by the purchaser. The castings shall be free from injurious
defects. Surfaces of the castings shall be free of burnt-on sand and shall be reasonably smooth. Runners, risers, fins, and other
useless cast-on pieces shall be removed. In other respects the castings shall conform to whatever points may be specifically agreed
upon between the manufacturer and the purchaser.
8. Sampling
8.1 The standard test coupons shall be the 1-in. [25-mm] “Y” block and 1-in. [25-mm] keel block as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig.
2, respectively.
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements
Element Composition, %
A
Total carbon 2.2–2.7
Silicon 1.5–2.50
Manganese 3.75–4.5
Nickel 21.0–24.0
B
Chromium 0.20 max
Phosphorus 0.08 max
A
For castings with sections under ⁄4 in. [6 mm], it may be desirable to adjust the
carbon upwards to a maximum of 2.90 %.
B
Not intentionally added.
A571/A571M − 01 (2015)
“Y’’ Block Size
“Y” Block Size
For Castings For Castings For Castings
Dimen- of Thickness of Thickness of Thickness
1 1 1 1
sions Less Than ⁄2 ⁄2 to 1 ⁄2 in. of 1 ⁄2 in. [40 mm]
in. [12.5 mm] [12.5 to 40 mm] and Over
in. [mm] in. [mm] in. [mm]
A ⁄2 [12.5] 1 [25] 3 [75]
B 1 [25] 2 ⁄8 [55] 5 [125]
C 2 [50] 3 [75] 4 [100]
D 4 [100] 6 [150] 8 [200]
E 7 [175] 7 [175] 7 [175]
approx approx approx
9 1 1
F ⁄16 [14] 1 ⁄16 [27] 3 ⁄16 [78]
1 1 1
G 7 ⁄8 [180] 7 ⁄8 [180] 7 ⁄8 [180]
approx approx approx
FIG. 1 “Y” Blocks for Test Coupons
NOTE 1—The length of the keel block shall be 6 in. [150 mm].
Keel Block Dimensions
Dimensions in. [mm]
A 2 ⁄2 60
B 1 ⁄2 40
C
...