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ASTM D4693-07(2012)

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings

Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method differentiates among greases having distinctly different low-temperature characteristics. This test is used for specification purposes and correlates with its precursor which has been used to predict the performance of greases in automotive wheel bearings in low-temperature service. It is the responsibility of the user to determine the correlation with other types of service.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent to which a test grease retards the rotation of a specially-manufactured, spring-loaded, automotive-type wheel bearing assembly when subjected to low temperatures. Torque values, calculated from restraining-force determinations, are a measure of the viscous resistance of the grease. This test method was developed with greases giving torques of less than 35 N·m at −40°C.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.3 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
14-Apr-2012
ICS
75.100 - Lubricants, industrial oils and related products
Technical Committee
D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
Drafting Committee
D02.G0 - Lubricating Grease
Current Stage
Ref Project

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ASTM D4693-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel BearingsASTM D4693-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
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ASTM D4693-07(2012) - Standard Test Method for Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel Bearings
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D4693 − 07 (Reapproved 2012)
Standard Test Method for
Low-Temperature Torque of Grease-Lubricated Wheel
1
Bearings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4693; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D217Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
Grease
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the extent
D1403Test Methods for Cone Penetration of Lubricating
to which a test grease retards the rotation of a specially-
Grease Using One-Quarter and One-Half Scale Cone
manufactured, spring-loaded, automotive-type wheel bearing
Equipment
assembly when subjected to low temperatures. Torque values,
D3527Test Method for Life Performance of Automotive
calculatedfromrestraining-forcedeterminations,areameasure
Wheel Bearing Grease
of the viscous resistance of the grease. This test method was
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
developed with greases giving torques of less than 35 N·m
Products, and Lubricants
at−40°C.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
E77Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
mometers
standard.
E220Test Method for Calibration of Thermocouples By
Comparison Techniques
1.3 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause E230Specification and Temperature-Electromotive Force
(EMF) Tables for Standardized Thermocouples
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to E563Practice for Preparation and Use of an Ice-Point Bath
as a Reference Temperature
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma- E585/E585M Specification for Compacted Mineral-
Insulated, Metal-Sheathed, Base Metal Thermocouple
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi- Cable
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury E608/E608MSpecification for Mineral-Insulated, Metal-
Sheathed Base Metal Thermocouples
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
3
may be prohibited by law.
2.2 Military Standard:
MIL-G-10924FSpecification for Automotive and Artillery
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 2.3 ABMA Standard:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- Anti-Friction Bearing ManufacturerAssoc. (AFBMA) Stan-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- dard19, 1974 (ANSI B.3.19-1975)
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
3. Terminology
2. Referenced Documents
3.1 Definitions:
2
3.1.1 automotive wheel bearing grease, n—a lubricating
2.1 ASTM Standards:
grease specifically formulated to lubricate automotive wheel
bearings at relatively high grease temperatures and bearing
speeds. D3527
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of Committee D02 on Petroleum
Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcom-
3.1.2 lubricant, n—any material interposed between two
mittee D02.G0 on Lubricating Grease.
surfacesthatreducesthefrictionorwearbetweenthem. D4175
Current edition approved April 15, 2012. Published May 2012. Originally
approved in 1987. Last previous edition approved in 2007 as D4693–07. DOI:
10.1520/D4693-07R12.
2 3
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or AvailablefromStandardizationDocumentsOrderDesk,Bldg.4SectionD,700
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Robbins Ave., Philadelphia, PA 19111-5094, Attn: NPODS.
4
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Bearing Manufacturers Association (ABMA), 2025
the ASTM website. M St., NW, Suite 800, Washington, DC 20036. www.americanbearings.org
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4693 − 07 (2012)
FIG. 1 Low-Temperature Torque Apparatus
3.1.3 lubricating grease, n—a semi-fluid to solid product of the responsibility of the user to determine the correlation with
a dispersion of a thickener in a liquid lubricant. other types of service.
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Thedispersionofthethickenerformsa
two-phase system and immobilizes the liquid lubricant by 6. Apparatus
surfacetensionandotherph
...

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5.1 This test method can be used to determine wear properties and coefficient of friction of lubricating greases at selected temperatures and loads specified for use in applications where high-speed vibrational or start-stop motions are present for extended periods of time under initial high Hertzian point contact pressures. This test method has found application in qualifying lubricating greases used in constant velocity joints of front-wheel-drive automobiles and for lubricating greases used in roller bearings. Users of this test method should determine whether results correlate with field performance or other applications.
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1.1 This test method covers quantitative procedures for the evaluation of the compatibility of automotive engine oils with several reference elastomers typical of those used in the sealing materials in contact with these oils. Compatibility is evaluated by determining the changes in volume, Durometer A hardness, and tensile properties when the elastomer specimens are immersed in the oil for a specified time and temperature.  
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1.3 This test method provides a preliminary or first order evaluation of oil/elastomer compatibility only. Because seals might be subjected to static or dynamic loads, or both, and they can operate over a range of conditions, a complete evaluation of the potential sealing performance of any elastomer-oil combination in any service condition usually requires tests additional to those described in this test method.  
1.4 The several reference elastomer formulations specified in this test method were chosen to be representative of those used in both heavy-duty diesel engines (detailed in Annex A1) and passenger-car spark-ignition engines (the latter are covered in Annex A2). The procedures described in this test method can, however, also be used to evaluate the compatibility of automotive engine oils with different elastomer types/formulations or different test durations and temperatures to those employed in this test method.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of glycol based antifreeze for in-service engine oil by derivative headspace/gas chromatography.  
1.2 Sample is derivatized in-situ directly in a headspace sampling vial prior to vapor phase extraction and injection into a gas chromatograph.  
1.3 The chemistry of the derivatization is unique to the detection of the molecules of ethylene glycol and 1,2-propylene glycol. 1,3-propylene glycol could also be detected but is not used in any known anti-freeze at this time. Other coolant analyses are beyond the scope of this test method.  
1.4 The derivatization process does not affect glycol breakdown products such as glycolate and formate and hence the presence of these compounds in the oil will not be quantified.  
1.5 The test method concentration range is from 50 µg/g to 1000 µg/g. Lower levels are possible by method modifications. Higher levels are possible through sample dilution.  
1.6 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.8 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
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  • Standard
    8 pages
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ASTM
ASTM D7918-23(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Measurement of Flow Properties and Evaluation of Wear, Contaminants, and Oxidative Properties of Lubricating Grease by Die Extrusion Method and Preparation

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Trending the wear, contamination, consistency, and oxidative properties of a lubricating grease is a crucial part of condition-monitoring programs. Changes in these properties or deviations from the new grease can be indicative of problems within the lubricated component, such as the mixing of incompatible thickener types, excessive wear or contaminant levels, or significant depletion of antioxidant levels. These test methods also makes it possible to develop trends that can be used to predict failures before they occur and allow for corrective action to be taken.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination and evaluation of flow properties, wear levels, contaminants, and oxidative condition of new and in-service lubricating grease.  
1.2 This test method provides guidance on evaluating in-service grease samples, NLGI grades 00 to 3, for wear, consistency, contamination, and oxidation.  
1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3.1 Exception—The exception to this will be where units of references were developed by the developers of the test equipment and necessary to report the results of the test.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
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  • Standard
    9 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off