ASTM C1790-14a
(Specification)Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
Standard Specification for Fly Ash Facing Brick
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, and without the use of portland cement. This specification covers units intended for use in masonry, in both structural and facing applications.
1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated, or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet the requirements of this specification.
Note 1: This specification addresses properties of units formed using fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by this standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests, evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided to establish assembly performance.
1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Designation:C1790 −14a
StandardSpecification for
Fly Ash Facing Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope* Masonry Units and Related Units
C331 Specification for LightweightAggregates for Concrete
1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use
Masonry Units
in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable
C426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete
mineral aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
Masonry Units
materials, and without the use of portland cement. This
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined
specification covers units intended for use in masonry, in both
Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
structural and facing applications.
C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Con-
1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash
crete
binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated,
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and
or geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These
Mortars
chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
the units, provide the strength and durability necessary to meet
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious
the requirements of this specification.
Mixtures
C1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt
NOTE 1—This specification addresses properties of units formed using
fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
this standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance
such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests, 3. Terminology
evidence of successful use in similar applications could be provided to
3.1 TermsdefinedinTerminologyC1232shallapplyforthis
establish assembly performance.
specification.
1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (ex-
3.2.1 fly ash brick, n—a masonry unit made from fly ash,
cluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as
water, and suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion of
requirements of the standard.
other materials and specifically without the inclusion of port-
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
land cement.
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
4. Materials
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4.1 Cementitious Materials—No portland cement shall be
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
used. Materials shall conform to the following applicable
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
specifications:
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
4.1.1 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1.2 Slag Cement—Specification C989.
4.1.3 Silica Fume—Specification C1240.
2. Referenced Documents
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following
2.1 ASTM Standards:
specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
necessarily apply:
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete—
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on
Specification C979.
Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C15.03 on Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units.
4.4 Other Constituents—Otherconstituentmaterialsshallbe
Current edition approved Dec. 15, 2014. Published January 2015. Originally
previously established as suitable for use in fly ash units and
approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1790 – 14. DOI:
10.1520/C1790-14A. shall conform to applicableASTM standards or shall be shown
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1790−14a
by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of measured in the same plane. No part of any hole shall be less
the fly ash units or any material customarily used in masonry than ⁄4 in. (19.1 mm) from any edge of the unit.
construction.
7. Finish and Appearance
5. Physical Properties
7.1 At the time of delivery to the purchaser, no more than
5.1 Physical Requirements—At the time of delivery to the
5 % of the units in the shipment shall have finished face(s) that
purchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirements
exhibit one or more of the characteristics described in 7.1.1
prescribed in Table 1. All units shall be sound and free of
through 7.1.3.
cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement
7.1.1 Units containing chips larger than ⁄2 in. (12.5 mm) in
of the units or significantly impair the strength or permanence
any dimension.
of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual
7.1.2 Units containing cracks wider than 0.02 in. (0.5 mm)
method of manufacture or minor chipping resulting from
and longer than 25 % of the nominal height of the unit.
customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are
7.1.3 Broken units.
not grounds for rejection.
NOTE 5—Units specified to have particular features or finishes, such as
5.2 Strength—When bricks are required having strengths split face and tumbled units, should not be rejected based on the
conformance of such features to the requirements of 7.1.1.
greaterthanprescribedbythisspecification,thepurchasershall
specify the desired minimum compressive strength.
7.2 The finished face(s) of units shall not show imperfec-
tions except as permitted in 7.1.1 though 7.1.2 when viewed
5.3 Durability—Freeze-thaw durability shall be demon-
from a distance of 20 ft under diffused lighting.
strated by test.The units shall be tested in accordance with 8.5.
The average mass loss of all the specimens tested shall not be
7.3 Thecolo
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: C1790 − 14 C1790 − 14a
Standard Specification for
Fly Ash Facing Brick
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1790; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope Scope*
1.1 This specification covers fly ash brick intended for use in masonry, which are made from fly ash, water, and suitable mineral
aggregates with or without the inclusion of other materials, and without the use of portland cement. This specification covers units
intended for use in masonry, in both structural and facing applications.
1.2 Units covered under this specification include a fly ash binder that undergoes hydraulic, pozzolanic, alkali-activated, or
geopolymer reactions, or any combination thereof. These chemical reactions, in conjunction with the other materials in the units,
provide the strength and durability necessary to meet the requirements of this specification.
NOTE 1—This specification addresses properties of units formed using fly ash, aggregates, and other allowed binders. Although not required by this
standard, users may request tests that establish assembly performance such as unit-mortar bond and fire resistance. As an alternative to tests, evidence
of successful use in similar applications could be provided to establish assembly performance.
1.3 This specification references notes and footnotes, which provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes (excluding
those in tables and figures) shall not be considered as requirements of the standard.
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
only.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 ASTM Standards:
C33 Specification for Concrete Aggregates
C140 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Concrete Masonry Units and Related Units
C331 Specification for Lightweight Aggregates for Concrete Masonry Units
C426 Test Method for Linear Drying Shrinkage of Concrete Masonry Units
C618 Specification for Coal Fly Ash and Raw or Calcined Natural Pozzolan for Use in Concrete
C979 Specification for Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete
C989 Specification for Slag Cement for Use in Concrete and Mortars
C1232 Terminology of Masonry
C1240 Specification for Silica Fume Used in Cementitious Mixtures
C1645 Test Method for Freeze-thaw and De-icing Salt Durability of Solid Concrete Interlocking Paving Units
3. Terminology
3.1 Terms defined in Terminology C1232 shall apply for this specification.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 fly ash brick, n—a masonry unit made from fly ash, water, and suitable aggregates with or without the inclusion of other
materials and specifically without the inclusion of portland cement.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C15 on Manufactured Masonry Units and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee C15.03 on Concrete
Masonry Units and Related Units.
Current edition approved July 1, 2014Dec. 15, 2014. Published July 2014January 2015. Originally approved in 2014. Last previous edition approved in 2014 as C1790
– 14. DOI: 10.1520/C1790-1410.1520/C1790-14A.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
C1790 − 14a
4. Materials
4.1 Cementitious Materials—No portland cement shall be used. Materials shall conform to the following applicable
specifications:
4.1.1 Pozzolans—Specification C618.
4.1.2 Slag Cement—Specification C989.
4.1.3 Silica Fume—Specification C1240.
4.2 Aggregates—Aggregates shall conform to the following specifications, except that grading requirements shall not
necessarily apply:
4.2.1 Normal Weight Aggregates—Specification C33.
4.2.2 Lightweight Aggregates—Specification C331.
4.3 Pigments for Integrally Colored Concrete—Specification C979.
4.4 Other Constituents—Other constituent materials shall be previously established as suitable for use in fly ash units and shall
conform to applicable ASTM standards or shall be shown by test or experience not to be detrimental to the durability of the fly
ash units or any material customarily used in masonry construction.
5. Physical Properties
5.1 Physical Requirements—At the time of delivery to the purchaser, units shall conform to the physical requirements prescribed
in Table 1. All units shall be sound and free of cracks or other defects that interfere with the proper placement of the units or
significantly impair the strength or permanence of the construction. Minor cracks incidental to the usual method of manufacture
or minor chipping resulting from customary methods of handling in shipment and delivery are not grounds for rejection.
5.2 Strength—When bricks are required having strengths greater than prescribed by this specification, the purchaser shall
specify the desired minimum compressive strength.
5.3 Durability—Freeze-thaw durability shall be demonstrated by test. The units shall be tested in accordance with 8.5. The
2 2
average mass loss of all the specimens tested shall not be greater than: (a) 0.046 lb/ft (225 g/m ) when subject to 28 freeze-thaw
2 2
cycles, or (b) 0.102 lb/ft (500 g/m ) when subject to 49 freeze-thaw cycles.
5.4 Shrinkage—At the time of delivery to the purchaser, the total linear drying shrinkage of units shall not exceed 0.065 % when
tested in accordance with Test Method C426.
NOTE 2—The purchaser is the public body or authority, association, corporation, partnership, or individual entering into a contract or agreement to
purchase or install, or both, fly ash facing brick. The time of delivery to the purchaser is FOB plant when the purchaser or the purchaser’s agent transports
the fly ash facing brick, or at the time unloaded at the worksite if the manufacturer or the manufacturer’s agent transports the fly ash facing brick.
6. Permissible Variati
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