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ASTM D8214-18

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method provides for a separation of coal-associated sulfur into two commonly recognized forms: pyritic and sulfate. Organic sulfur is calculated by difference. Results obtained by the test method are used to serve a number of interests, including the evaluation of coal preparation and processing operations designed to reduce coal sulfur levels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of sulfate sulfur and pyritic sulfur in coal and calculates organic sulfur by difference. This test method is not applicable to coke or other carbonaceous materials.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. Non-SI units, if provided, are considered informational and are contained within parentheses  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

Status
Published
Publication Date
31-Oct-2018
ICS
75.160.10 - Solid fuels
Technical Committee
D05 - Coal and Coke
Drafting Committee
D05.21 - Methods of Analysis
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Refers
ASTM D3180-15 - Standard Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses from As-Determined to Different Bases
Effective Date
01-Jan-2015
Refers
ASTM D121-15 - Standard Terminology of Coal and Coke
Effective Date
01-Sep-2015
Refers
ASTM D4239-18 - Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion
Effective Date
01-Sep-2018
Refers
ASTM E832-81(2019) - Standard Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
Effective Date
01-Jul-2019
Refers
ASTM D4239-17 - Standard Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace Combustion
Effective Date
15-May-2017

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ASTM D8214-18 - Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission SpectrometryASTM D8214-18 - Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
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ASTM D8214-18 - Standard Test Method for Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
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This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D8214 − 18
Standard Test Method for
Forms of Sulfur in Coal by Inductively Coupled
1
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D8214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope D7582Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of Coal and
Coke by Macro Thermogravimetric Analysis
1.1 This test method applies to the determination of sulfate
E691Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
sulfurandpyriticsulfurincoalandcalculatesorganicsulfurby
Determine the Precision of a Test Method
difference. This test method is not applicable to coke or other
E832Specification for Laboratory Filter Papers
carbonaceous materials.
3
2.2 ISO Standards:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
ISO 5725-6Accuracy (Trueness and Precision) of Measure-
standard. Non-SI units, if provided, are considered informa-
ment Methods and Results – Part 6: Use in Practice of
tional and are contained within parentheses
Accuracy Values
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1 Fordefinitionsoftermsusedinthistestmethod,referto
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
Terminology D121.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
4.1 Sulfate Sulfur:
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
4.1.1 Sulfate sulfur is extracted from the analysis sample
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
with a dilute hydrochloric acid solution. The sulfate sulfur in
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
theextractisdeterminedbyinductivelycoupledplasmaatomic
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). Sulfates are soluble in
hydrochloric acid, pyritic sulfur and organic sulfur are not
2. Referenced Documents
soluble in hydrochloric acid.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
4.2 Pyritic Sulfur:
D121Terminology of Coal and Coke
4.2.1 Pyritic sulfur is extracted from the pretreated sample
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
with a dilute nitric acid solution. The pyritic sulfur in the
D2013Practice for Preparing Coal Samples for Analysis
extract is determined by correlating extracted iron content,
D3173Test Method for Moisture in theAnalysis Sample of
measured by ICP-AES, as pyritic sulfur content.
Coal and Coke
4.2.2 Monosulfides (pyrites and FeS are disulfides) of iron
2
D3180Practice for Calculating Coal and Coke Analyses
and elements such as cadmium, lead, vanadium, and zinc can
from As-Determined to Different Bases
be present in coal. In mass fractions up to 100µg⁄g, these
D4239Test Method for Sulfur in the Analysis Sample of
monosulfides do not contribute significantly to the total inor-
4-6
Coal and Coke Using High-Temperature Tube Furnace
ganic sulfide content.
Combustion
3
Available from International Organization for Standardization (ISO), ISO
Central Secretariat, BIBC II, Chemin de Blandonnet 8, CP 401, 1214 Vernier,
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D05 on Coal Geneva, Switzerland, http://www.iso.org.
4
and Coke and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D05.21 on Methods of Edwards, A. H., Daybell, G. N., and Pringle, W. J. S., “An Investigation into
Analysis. Methods for the Determination of Forms of Sulfur in Coal,” Fuel, Vol 37,
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2018. Published January 2019. DOI: 10.1520/ 1958,pp.47-59.
5
D8214-18. Burns, M. S., “Determination of Pyritic Sulfur inAustralian Coals,” Fuel,Vol
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or 49, 1970, pp. 126-133.
6
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Shrimp, N. F., Helfinstine, R. J., and Kuhn, J. K.,“Determination of Forms of
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Sulfur in Coal,” Symposium on Sulfur and Nitrogen in Coal and Oil Shale, 1975,
the ASTM website. pp.99-108.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D8214 − 18
5. Significance and Use 8.4 Filter Paper—Unless otherwise i
...

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ABSTRACT
This specification covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite. These coals are mainly composed of vitrinite. The classification shall be based on gradational properties that depend on the degree of metamorphism. The classification shall also be according to fixed carbon and gross calorific value calculated to the mineral-matter-free basis.
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This classification establishes categories of coal based on gradational properties that depend principally on the degree of metamorphism to which the coal was subjected while buried. These categories indicate ranges of physical and chemical characteristics that are useful in making broad estimates of the behavior of coal in mining, preparation, and use.
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1.1 This standard covers the classification of coals by rank, that is, according to their degree of metamorphism, or progressive alteration, in the natural series from lignite to anthracite.  
1.2 This classification is applicable to coals that are composed mainly of vitrinite.  
Note 1: Coals rich in inertinite or liptinite (exinite), or both, cannot be properly classified because, in those macerals, the properties that determine rank (calorific value, volatile matter, and agglomerating character) differ greatly from those of vitrinite in the same coal. Often, such coals can be recognized by megascopic examination. In North America, these coals are mostly nonbanded varieties that contain only a small proportion of vitrain and consist mainly of attrital materials. The degree of metamorphism of nonbanded and other vitrinite-poor coals can be estimated by determining the classification properties of isolated or concentrated vitrinite fractions, or by determining the reflectance of the vitrinite (see Test Method D2798 and Appendix X1 of this classification). However, in the use of these vitrinite-poor coals, some properties normally associated with rank, such as rheology, combustibility, hardness, and grindability (as well as the rank determining properties) may differ substantially from those of vitrinite-rich coals of the same degree of metamorphism.  
1.3 The accuracy of the classification of impure coal may be impaired by the effect of large amounts of mineral matter on the determination of volatile matter and calorific value, and on their calculation to the mineral-matter-free basis.  
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Reliable values of the plastic properties of coals are used to predict or explain the behavior of a coal or blends during carbonization or in other processes such as gasification, liquefaction, and combustion.
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1.1 This test method covers a relative measure of the plastic behavior of coal when heated under prescribed conditions. This test method may be used to obtain semiquantitative values of the plastic properties of coals and blends used in carbonization and in other situations where determination of plastic behavior of coals is of practical importance.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 In this test method, the term “mass” applies to measurements expressed with both SI units (for example, kg) and inch-pound units (for example, lb).  
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ASTM D3302/D3302M-22a(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Total Moisture in Coal

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The collection and treatment of the sample as specified for the referee method is intended for the express purpose of determining the total moisture in coal. The standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers as a method of determination when other techniques or modifications are not mutually agreed upon.  
5.2 The commercial method, which determines total moisture content of the crushed and divided sample, is designated as the method for total moisture for routine commercial practice.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of the total moisture in coal as it exists at the site, at the time, and under the conditions it is sampled. It is applicable to coals as mined, processed, shipped, or used in normal commercial pursuits. It is not applicable to coal-water slurries, sludges, or pulverized products under 0.5 mm-diameter sieve size. It is applicable to coals of all ranks within the recognized limitations imposed by oxidation and decomposition characteristics of lower rank coals. Because of its empirical nature, strict adherence to basic principles and permissive procedures are required for valid results (see Appendix X1). This complete standard is available to producers, sellers, and consumers as a total moisture method when other procedures or modifications are not mutually agreed on.  
1.2 Since coal can vary from extremely wet (water-saturated) to completely dry, special emphasis must be placed on the sampling, sample preparation, and the moisture determination itself to ensure total reliability of measurement. Therefore, this standard entails collection of the gross sample, sample preparation, and the method of determination.  
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
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6.2 After removal from the sampling system and further preparation (Practice D2013/D2013M), the sample may be analyzed for a number of different parameters. These parameters may define the lot's value, its ability to meet specifications, its environmental impact, as well as other properties.
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5.1 A compositional analysis of coal and coke and their associated combustion residues are often useful in assessing their quality. Knowledge of the elemental composition of the associated residues is also useful in predicting the elemental enrichment/depletion compositional behavior of ashes and slags in comparison to the mass fraction in the parent coal. Utilization of the ash by-products and hazardous potential may also depend on the chemical composition and leachability of the inorganic constituents of the coal ash.  
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1.1 This test method covers a procedure for the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in coal, coke, and solid residues from combustion of coal and coke. These residues may be laboratory ash, bottom ash, fly ash, flue gas desulfurization sludge, and other combustion process residues.
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5.1 A compositional analysis of ash is used in describing the quality of coal for its complete characterization. Ash composition is useful in predicting slagging and fouling characteristics of combusted materials as well as the potential utilization of ash by-products.  
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1.1 This test method covers the analysis of the commonly determined major and minor elements in ash from coal using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) techniques.
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1.2 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses after SI units are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
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1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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Standard Test Method for Apparent and True Specific Gravity and Porosity of Lump Coke

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 Apparent and true specific gravity, as determined by this test method, are influenced by the type of coals carbonized and the operating and preparational conditions of that carbonization, that is, charge bulk density, heating rate, and pulverization level. In turn, these properties directly influence the performance in processes using coke.
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of apparent specific gravity (Sections 5 to 9) and true specific gravity (Sections 10 to 14) of lump coke larger than 25 mm [1 in.] size and calculating porosity (Section 15) from the specific gravity data.  
1.2 Units—The values stated in either SI units or non-SI units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system are not necessarily exact equivalents; therefore, to ensure conformance with the standard, each system shall be used independently of the other, and values from the two systems shall not be combined.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM D6796-21e1(Practice)
Standard Practice for Production of Coal, Coke and Coal Combustion Samples for Interlaboratory Studies

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5.1 The objective of this practice is to provide guidelines for the preparation of samples for interlaboratory studies to evaluate new test methods or for quality control purposes.  
5.2 Samples prepared using these guidelines may be used for the testing of the precision and bias mandatory for ASTM test methods. Such an evaluation is necessary to provide guidance to the user as to the reliability of measurements that can be expected by its use. The statements are developed on the basis of user experience (ordinarily through interlaboratory studies) with the test method.  
5.3 The availability of appropriate samples is a key requirement for interlaboratory studies.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This practice describes the essential activities that are required to produce samples for interlaboratory studies.  
1.2 The suitability of a particular interlaboratory sample developed using this guide will depend on the tests being made.  
1.3 Units—The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
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