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ASTM D4157-07

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some fabric constructions.Note 1
Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics are given in: Guides D 3884 and D 4158, and Test Methods D 3885, D 3886, , and AATCC 93.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard; the values in English units are provided as information only and are not exact equivalents.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2007
ICS
59.080.30 - Textile fabrics
Technical Committee
D13 - Textiles
Drafting Committee
D13.60 - Fabric Physical Test Methods B
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaces
ASTM D4157-02 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Replaced By
ASTM D4157-10 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
Effective Date
01-Jun-2010
Referred By
ASTM D3884-22 - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform Abrader Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F2704-17a - Standard Specification for Air-Fed Protective Ensembles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1296-08(2023) - Standard Guide for Evaluating Chemical Protective Clothing
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3181-15(2019) - Standard Guide for Conducting Wear Tests on Textiles
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3690-19 - Standard Performance Specification for Vinyl-Coated and Urethane-Coated Upholstery Fabrics—Indoor
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4158-08(2020) - Standard Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Uniform Abrasion)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1002-15(2021) - Standard Performance Specification for Protective Clothing and Materials for Use by Workers Exposed to Specific Molten Substances and Related Thermal Hazards
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4966-22 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3885-07A(2019)e1 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D4850-23 - Standard Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test Methods
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D5446-08(2019) - Standard Practice for Determining Physical Properties of Fabrics, Yarns, and Sewing Thread Used in Inflatable Restraints
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM D3597-02(2018)e1 - Standard Performance Specification for Woven Upholstery Fabrics—Plain, Tufted, or Flocked
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007
Referred By
ASTM F1052-20 - Standard Test Method for Pressure Testing Vapor Protective Suits
Effective Date
01-Jul-2007

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ASTM D4157-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)ASTM D4157-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
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ASTM D4157-07 - Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method)
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Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:D4157–07
Standard Test Method for
Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder
1
Method)
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D4157; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope D5035 Test Method for Breaking Force and Elongation of
Textile Fabrics (Strip Method)
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abra-
2.2 Other Document:
sion resistance of woven textile fabrics using the oscillatory
AATCC 93 Abrasion Resistance of Fabrics: Accelerotor
cylinder tester. This test method may not be usable for some
3
Method
fabric constructions.
NOTE 1—Other procedures for measuring the abrasion resistance of 3. Terminology
textile fabrics are given in: Guides D3884 and D4158, and Test Methods
3.1 For all terminology relating to D13.59, Fabric Test
D3885, D3886, , and AATCC 93.
Methods, General, refer to Terminology D4850.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 The following terms are relevant to this standard:
standard; the values in English units are provided as informa-
abrasion, abrasion cycle, in abrasion testing , breaking force,
tion only and are not exact equivalents.
double-rub, in oscillatory cylinder abrasion testing.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.2 For all other terminology related to textiles, refer to
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Terminology D123.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4. Summary of Test Method
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
4.1 Abrasion resistance is measured by subjecting the speci-
men to unidirectional rubbing action under known conditions
2. Referenced Documents
of pressure, tension, and abrasive action. Resistance to abra-
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
sion is evaluated by various means which are described in
D123 Terminology Relating to Textiles
Section 12.
D3884 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
5. Significance and Use
Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method)
D3885 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
5.1 The measurement of the resistance to abrasion of textile
Fabrics (Flexing and Abrasion Method)
and other materials is very complex.The resistance to abrasion
D3886 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile
is affected by many factors, such as the inherent mechanical
Fabrics (Inflated Diaphragm Apparatus)
properties of the fibers; the dimensions of the fibers; the
D4158 Guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics
structure of the yarns; the construction of the fabrics; and the
(Uniform Abrasion)
type,kind,andamountoffinishingmaterialaddedtothefibers,
D4850 Terminology Relating to Fabrics and Fabric Test
yarns, or fabric.
Methods
5.2 The resistance to abrasion is also greatly affected by the
D5034 Test Method for Breaking Strength and Elongation
conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable
of Textile Fabrics (Grab Test)
action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the
tension of the specimen, the pressure between the specimen
and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D13 onTextiles
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes
and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D13.60 on Fabric Test Methods,
Specific.
in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must
Current edition approved July 1, 2007. Published August 2007. Originally
accordingly be changed at frequent intervals or checked
approved in 1982. Last previous edition approved in 2002 as D4157 – 02. DOI:
periodically against a standard. With disposable abradants, the
10.1520/D4157-07.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
3
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from American Association of Textile Chemists and Colorists, P.O.
the ASTM website. Box 12215, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D4157–07
abradant is used only once or changed after limited use. With corrected, or future test results must be adjusted in consider-
permanent abradants that use hardened metal or equivalent ation of the known
...

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics for resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because the between-laboratory precision is poor. In some cases the purchaser and the supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available test method, even though the test method is not recommended for acceptance testing.  
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SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the propensity of a fabric to form pills and other related surface changes on textiles using the random tumble pilling tester. The procedure is generally applicable to all types of woven and knitted apparel fabrics.  
Note 1: For other test methods for the pilling resistance of textiles, refer to Test Methods D3511/D3511M, D3514/D3514M, and D4970/D4970M.  
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Standard Test Method for Pilling Resistance and Other Related Surface Changes of Textile Fabrics: Martindale Tester

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5.1 Acceptance Testing—This method of testing fabrics resistance to pilling is not recommended for acceptance testing. If it is used for acceptance testing, it should be used with caution because interlaboratory data are not available. In some cases the purchaser or supplier may have to test a commercial shipment of one or more specific materials by the best available method even though the method has not been recommended for acceptance testing. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely outside the United States.  
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1.1 This test method covers the determination of the resistance to the formation of pills and other related surface changes on textile fabrics using the Martindale tester.
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1.3 The fabric may be laundered or dry cleaned before testing as agreed upon among interested parties.  
1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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ASTM
ASTM D4966-22(Test Method)
Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method)

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 Acceptance Testing—this test method is not considered satisfactory for acceptance testing of commercial shipments of fabric. The between-laboratory precision of this test method is poor and, because of the nature of abrasion testing itself, technicians frequently fail to obtain results in agreement on the same type of testing instrument, both within and between laboratories. Although this test method is not recommended for acceptance testing, it is useful because it is used widely, especially outside the United States.  
5.1.1 In case of a dispute arising from differences in reported test results when using this test method for acceptance testing of commercial shipments, the purchaser and the supplier should conduct comparative tests to determine if there is a statistical bias between their laboratories. Competent statistical assistance is recommended for the investigation of bias. As a minimum, the two parties should take a group of test specimens that are as homogeneous as possible and that are from a lot of material of the type in question. The test specimens then should be assigned randomly in equal numbers to each laboratory for testing. The average results from the two laboratories should be compared using Students t-test for unpaired data and an acceptable probability level chosen by the two parties before the testing is begun. If a bias is found, either its cause must be found and corrected or the purchaser and the supplier must agree to interpret future test results in light of the known bias.  
5.2 The resistance to abrasion also is affected greatly by the conditions of the tests, such as the nature of abradant; variable action of the abradant over the area of specimen abraded, the tension on the specimen, the pressure between the specimen and abradant, and the dimensional changes in the specimen.  
5.3 Abrasion tests are all subject to variation due to changes in the abradant during specific tests. The abradant must be changed accordingly at freque...
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics using the Martindale abrasion tester. The method is generally applicable to knit, woven, and nonwoven fabrics; however, material thickness may limit suitability for testing due to specimen holder capacity.  
1.2 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
Note 1: For other current test methods of testing the abrasion resistance of textiles refer to Test Methods D3884, D3885, D3886, D4157, D4158, and AATCC TM93.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

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