ASTM B962-17

Standard Test Methods for Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM) Products Using Archimedes’ Principle

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The volume of a complex shaped PM part cannot be measured accurately using micrometers or calipers. Since density is mass per unit volume, a precise method for measuring the volume is needed. Archimedes’ principle may be used to calculate the volume of water displaced by an immersed object. For this to be applicable to PM materials that contain surface connected porosity, the surface pores are sealed by oil impregnation or some other means.  
5.2 The green density of compacted parts or test pieces is normally determined to assist during press set-up, or for quality control purposes. It is also used for determining the compressibility of base powders, mixed powders, and premixes.  
5.3 The sintered density of sintered PM parts and sintered PM test specimens is used as a quality control measure.  
5.4 The impregnated density of sintered bearings is normally measured for quality control purposes as bearings are generally supplied and used oil-impregnated.
SCOPE
1.1 This standard describes a method for measuring the density of powder metallurgy products that usually have surface-connected porosity.  
1.2 The density of impermeable PM materials, those materials that do not gain mass when immersed in water, may be determined using Test Method B311.  
1.3 The current method is applicable to green compacts, sintered parts, and green and sintered test specimens.  
1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic centimetre (g/cm3) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are not considered standard.  
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Mar-2017
• ICS: 77.160 - Powder metallurgy
• Technical Committee: B09 - Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products
• Drafting Committee: B09.04 - Bearings

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: B962 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope* B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM)
Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
1.1 This standard describes a method for measuring the
density of powder metallurgy products that usually have
3. Terminology
surface-connected porosity.
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be
1.2 The density of impermeable PM materials, those mate-
found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material is
rials that do not gain mass when immersed in water, may be
available in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the
determined using Test Method B311.
Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
1.3 The current method is applicable to green compacts,
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
sintered parts, and green and sintered test specimens.
3.2.1 green density (D )—the mass per unit volume of an
g
1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the
unsintered PM part or test specimen.
mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram
3
3.2.2 impregnated density (D )—the mass per unit volume
per cubic centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-
i
of a sintered PM part or test specimen, impregnated with oil.
standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to
be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are
3.2.3 sintered density (D )—the mass per unit volume of a
s
mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for
sintered, non oil-impregnated PM part or test specimen.
information only and are not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
4. Summary of Test Method
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
4.1 The test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then oil
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
impregnated or some other treatment is used to seal the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
surface-connected porosity and the specimen is reweighed. The
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
test specimen is then weighed when immersed in water and its
1.6 This international standard was developed in accor-
density calculated based on Archimedes’ principle.
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
5. Significance and Use
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
5.1 The volume of a complex shaped PM part cannot be
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. measured accurately using micrometers or calipers. Since
density is mass per unit volume, a precise method for measur-
2. Referenced Documents
ing the volume is needed. Archimedes’ principle may be used
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
to calculate the volume of water displaced by an immersed
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
object. For this to be applicable to PM materials that contain
surface connected porosity, the surface pores are sealed by oil
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on
impregnation or some other means.
Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee B09.04 on Bearings. 5.2 The green density of compacted parts or test pieces is
Current edition approved April 1, 2017. Published May 2017. Originally
normally determined to assist during press set-up, or for quality
approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as B962 – 15. DOI:
control purposes. It is also used for determining the compress-
10.1520/B0962-17.
2
ibility of base powders, mixed powders, and premixes.
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
5.3 The sintered density of sintered PM parts and sintered
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. PM test specimens is used as a quality control measure.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B962 − 17
...

This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: B962 − 15 B962 − 17
Standard Test Methods for
Density of Compacted or Sintered Powder Metallurgy (PM)
1
Products Using Archimedes’ Principle
This standard is issued under the fixed designation B962; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1 This standard describes a method for measuring the density of powder metallurgy products that usually have
surface-connected porosity.
1.2 The density of impermeable PM materials, those materials that do not gain mass when immersed in water, may be
determined using Test Method B311.
1.3 The current method is applicable to green compacts, sintered parts, and green and sintered test specimens.
1.4 With the exception of the values for density and the mass used to determine density, for which the use of the gram per cubic
3
centimetre (g/cm ) and gram (g) units is the long-standing industry practice, the values in inch-pound units are to be regarded as
standard. The values given in parentheses are mathematical conversions to SI units that are provided for information only and are
not considered standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
1.6 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
B243 Terminology of Powder Metallurgy
B311 Test Method for Density of Powder Metallurgy (PM) Materials Containing Less Than Two Percent Porosity
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions of powder metallurgy (PM) terms can be found in Terminology B243. Additional descriptive material is
available in the Related Material section of Vol. 02.05 of the Annual Book of ASTM Standards.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
3.2.1 green density (D )—the mass per unit volume of an unsintered PM part or test specimen.
g
3.2.2 impregnated density (D )—the mass per unit volume of a sintered PM part or test specimen, impregnated with oil.
i
3.2.3 sintered density (D )—the mass per unit volume of a sintered, non oil-impregnated PM part or test specimen.
s
4. Summary of Test Method
4.1 The test specimen is first weighed in air. It is then oil impregnated or some other treatment is used to seal the
surface-connected porosity and the specimen is reweighed. The test specimen is then weighed when immersed in water and its
density calculated based on Archimedes’ principle.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee B09 on Metal Powders and Metal Powder Products and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
B09.04 on Bearings.
Current edition approved April 1, 2015April 1, 2017. Published April 2015May 2017. Originally approved in 2008. Last previous edition approved in 20142015 as B962
– 14.15. DOI: 10.1520/B0962-15.10.1520/B0962-17.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
B962 − 17
5. Significance and Use
5.1 The volume of a complex shaped PM part cannot be measured accurately using micrometers or calipers. Since density is
mass per unit volume, a precise method for measuring the volume is needed. Archimedes’ principle may be used to calculate the
volume of water displaced by an immersed object. For this to be applicable to PM materials that contain surface connected
porosity, the surface pores are sealed by oil impregnation or some other means.
5.2 The green density of compacted parts or
...