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ASTM D3934-90(1996)e1

(Test Method)

Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus

Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus

SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed between the purchaser and the seller.  
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range between 32 and 230°F (0 and 110°C).  
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4  This standard should be used to measure and describe the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire conditions. However, results of this test may be used as elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire hazard of a particular end use.  
1.5  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
26-Jul-1990
Technical Committee
D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
Drafting Committee
D01.21 - Chemical Analysis of Paints and Paint Materials
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM D3934-90(2001) - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
Effective Date
27-Jul-1990
Referred By
ASTM E502-21a - Standard Test Method for Selection and Use of ASTM Standards for the Determination of Flash Point of Chemicals by Closed Cup Methods
Effective Date
27-Jul-1990

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ASTM D3934-90(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup ApparatusASTM D3934-90(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
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ASTM D3934-90(1996)e1 - Standard Test Method for Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup Apparatus
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
e1
Designation: D 3934 – 90 (Reapproved 1996)
AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS
100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM
Standard Test Method for
Flash/No Flash Test—Equilibrium Method by a Closed-Cup
Apparatus
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3934; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Unit of measurement statement added editorially to the Scope Section in March 1996.
INTRODUCTION
ASTM Flash Point Test Methods D 56, D 93, D 3278, and D 3941 are specified by government
departments and agencies for determining whether liquids are flammable or combustible. These
classifications are used as the basis for regulating the handling and shipping of liquids.
ISO/TC 35, Paints and Varnishes, and ISO/TC 28, Petroleum and Related Products, have issued ISO
1516 as a common standard, applicable to paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related products. This
method is similar to ISO 1516 but uses standard ASTM cups and style and format. Test Methods
D 3278 and D 3828 operate on the equilibrium principle by using the Setaflash tester that has a
temperature-control device.
This test method does not determine the finite flash point but whether or not flashing occurs at a
single specified temperature. The latter determination is made more accurate by ensuring that the test
is carried out only when the material under test and the air/vapor mixture above it are in approximate
equilibrium at the specified temperature.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of whether a
liquid complies with the closed-cup flash point requirements in
2. Referenced Documents
government regulations, or in specifications, or as agreed
2.1 ASTM Standards:
between the purchaser and the seller.
D 56 Test Method for Flash Point by Tag Closed Tester
1.2 This test method is limited to a temperature range
D 93 Test Methods for Flash Point by Pensky-Martens
between 32 and 230°F (0 and 110°C).
Closed Tester
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
D 3278 Test Methods for Flash Point of Liquids by Small
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
Scale Closed-Cup Apparatus
information only.
D 3828 Test Method for Flash Point by Small Scale Closed
1.4 This standard should be used to measure and describe
Tester
the properties of materials, products, or assemblies in response
D 3941 Test Method for Flash Point by the Equilibrium
to heat and flame under controlled laboratory conditions and
Method with a Closed-Cup Apparatus
should not be used to describe or appraise the fire hazard or
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
fire risk of materials, products, or assemblies under actual fire
2.2 ISO Standard:
conditions. However, results of this test may be used as
ISO 1516 Paints, varnishes, petroleum, and related
elements of a fire risk assessment which takes into account all
products—Flash/no-flash test—Closed cup equilibrium
of the factors which are pertinent to an assessment of the fire
method
hazard of a particular end use.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3. Terminology
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1 Definitions:
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
1 3
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-1 on Paint Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
ASTM Subcommittee D01.22 on Health and Safety. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Current edition approved July 27, 1990. Published November 1990. Originally Available from American National Standards Institute, 13th Floor, 11 W. 42nd
e1
published as D 3934 – 82. Last previous edition D 3934 – 84 . St., New York, NY 10036.
D 3934
3.1.1 flash point, n—the lowest temperature corrected to a 7. Reagents and Materials
pressure of 760 mm Hg (101.3 kPa) (1013 millibars) at which
7.1 Water or a 1 + 1 Mixture of Water and Ethylene Glycol
application of an ignition source causes the vapor of the
may be used as the bath liquid.
specimen to ignite under specified conditions of test.
8. Preparation of Sample
4. Summary of Test Method
8.1 Obtain a representative sample of the product under test
4.1 A specimen in a closed cup of standard design is heated
and keep it in an air-tight container.
in a suitable liquid bath. After the specimen has been main-
8.2 Because of the possibility of loss of volatiles, the sample
tained under equilibrium conditions for at least 10 min at the
shall receive only the minimum treatment to assure uniformity.
lowest allowable flash point temperature (within a permitted
After removal of the specimen, immediately close the sample
tolerance) of the specification or regulation, it is determined
container tightly to ensure that no volatile flammable compo-
whether the specimen does or does not flash.
nents escape from the container (otherwise a new sample may
5. Significance and Use
be necessary if further testing is required).
5.1 This test method ensures that before the flash test is run 8.3 Do not open containers unnecessarily. Do not make
the air/vapor space above the specimen has attained a satura- transfers unless the sample temperature is at least 20°F (10°C)
tion concentration of vapor by using standard closed cups below the flash point.
under equilibrium conditions. The saturation concentration of 8.4 Discard samples in leaky containers.
the vapors will be attained at some temperature between that of 8.5 Do not store samples in plastic (polyethylene, polypro-
the liquid and the cooler apparatus lid. However, this tempera- pylene, etc), since volatile material may diffuse through the
ture will be close to the temperature of the specimen after it has walls of the bottles.
been maintained at the specified temperature for at least a
9. Preparation of Apparatus
10-min period. This test method does not provide for the
determination of the actual flash point but only whether a 9.1 Support the cup and liquid bath on a level, steady table.
specimen does or does not flash at a specified temperature. Unless tests are made in a draft-free room or compartment,
surround the tester on three sides with the sh
...

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4.1 Flash X-ray facilities provide intense bremsstrahlung radiation environments, usually in a single sub-microsecond pulse, which often fluctuates in amplitude, shape, and spectrum from shot to shot. Therefore, appropriate dosimetry must be fielded on every exposure to characterize the environment, see ICRU Report 34. These intense bremsstrahlung sources have a variety of applications which include the following:
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ASTM D396-24(Specification)
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This specification covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades include the following: Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 2 S5000, and No. 2 S500 for use in domestic and small industrial burners; Grades No. 1 S5000 and No. 1 S500 adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel; Grades No. 4 (Light) and No. 4 (Heavy) for use in commercial/industrial burners; and Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 for use in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization. The grades of fuel oil shall be homogeneous hydrocarbon oils, free from inorganic acid, and free from excessive amounts of solid or fibrous foreign matter. Grades containing residual components shall remain uniform in normal storage and not separate by gravity into light and heavy oil components outside the viscosity limits for the grade. The grades of fuel oil shall conform to the limiting requirements prescribed for: (1) flash point, (2) water and sediment, (3) physical distillation or simulated distillation, (4) kinematic viscosity, (5) Ramsbottom carbon residue, (6) ash, (7) sulfur, (8) copper strip corrosion, (9) density, and (10) pour point. The test methods for determining conformance to the specified properties are given.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification (see Note 1) covers grades of fuel oil intended for use in various types of fuel-oil-burning equipment under various climatic and operating conditions. These grades are described as follows:  
1.1.1 Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, No. 1 S15, No. 2 S5000, No. 2 S500, and No. 2 S15 are middle distillate fuels for use in domestic and small industrial burners. Grades No. 1 S5000, No. 1 S500, and No. 1 S15 are particularly adapted to vaporizing type burners or where storage conditions require low pour point fuel.  
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1.1.4 Grades No. 5 (Light), No. 5 (Heavy), and No. 6 are residual fuels of increasing viscosity and boiling range, used in industrial burners. Preheating is usually required for handling and proper atomization.  
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ASTM D8165-24(Test Method)
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SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 This test method measures a lubricant's ability to protect hypoid final drive axles from abrasive wear, adhesive wear, plastic deformation, and surface fatigue when subjected to low-speed, high-torque conditions. Lack of protection can lead to premature gear or bearing failure, or both.  
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1.1 This test method, commonly referred to as the L-37-1 test, describes a test procedure for evaluating the load-carrying capacity, wear performance, and extreme pressure properties of a gear lubricant in a hypoid axle under conditions of low-speed, high-torque operation.3  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
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1.2.1.1 The drawing in Annex A6 is in inch-pound units.  
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Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of Turbine and Generator Steel Rotor Forgings

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
4.1 This practice shall be used when ultrasonic inspection is required by the order or specification for inspection purposes where the acceptance of the forging is based on limitations of the number, amplitude, or location of discontinuities, or a combination thereof, which give rise to ultrasonic indications.  
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FIG. 2 Solid Forgings
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FIG. 3 Conversion Factors to Be Used in Conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 if a Change in the Reference Reflector Diameter is Required
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5.1 Often the most critical stress to which a sandwich panel core is subjected is shear. The effect of repeated shear stresses on the core material can be very important, particularly in terms of durability under various environmental conditions.  
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4.1 This practice is useful as a screening basis for acceptance or rejection of transparencies during manufacturing so that units with identifiable flaws will not be carried to final inspection for rejection at that time.  
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1.1 This practice covers a standard procedure for detecting flaws in the conductive coating (heater element) by the observation of polarized light patterns.  
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1.3 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific precautionary statements, see Section 6.  
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5.3 The reporting section requires items that tend to influence edgewise compressive strength to be reported; these include materials, fabrication method, facesheet lay-up orientation (if composite), core orientation, results of any nondestructive inspections, specimen preparation, test equipment details, specimen dimensions and associated measurement accuracy, environmental conditions, speed of testing, failure mode, and failure location.
SCOPE
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SCOPE
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1.4 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in non-conformance with the standard.  
1.4.1 This specification is expressed in both inch-pound units and in SI units; however, unless the purchase order or contract specifies the applicable M-specification designation (SI units), the inch-pound units shall apply. Within the text, the SI units are shown in brackets or parentheses.  
1.5 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
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  • Technical specification
    7 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
ASTM
ASTM D4479/D4479M-07(2024)(Specification)
Standard Specification for Asphalt Roof Coatings—Asbestos-Free

ABSTRACT
This specification covers the properties and requirements for two types of asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings consisting of an asphalt base, volatile petroleum solvents, and mineral or other stabilizers, or both, mixed to a smooth, uniform consistency suitable for application by squeegee, three-knot brush, paint brush, roller, or by spraying. Type I is made from asphalts characterized as self-healing, adhesive, and ductile, while Type II is made from asphalts characterized by high softening point and relatively low ductility. The coatings shall conform to specified composition limits for water, nonvolatile matter, minerals and/or other stabilizers, and bitumen (asphalt). They shall also meet physical requirements as to uniformity, consistency, and pliability and behavior at given temperatures.
SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers asbestos-free asphalt roof coatings of brushing or spraying consistency.  
1.2 The values stated in either SI units or inch-pound units are to be regarded separately as standard. The values stated in each system may not be exact equivalents; therefore, each system shall be used independently of the other. Combining values from the two systems may result in nonconformance with the standard.  
1.3 The following precautionary caveat pertains only to the test method portion, Section 8, of this specification:  This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Technical specification
    2 pages
    English language
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