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ASTM F2465-05

(Guide)

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems

Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems

ABSTRACT
This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide also covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles. Oil spill dispersant spray equipment shall conform to the minimum performance requirements such as target dosage, dispersant flow or injection rate determination, droplet size distribution, and maximum delivery variation over spray switch. Materials used in the spray systems shall be corrosion-resistant to salt water and shall be able to be used or stored at extreme temperatures. Performance data shall be provided to user, including information such as dilute versus neat application, dosage chart, accuracy of data, nozzles and pumps, and operational manual.
SCOPE
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill dispersant application systems. This guide is not intended to be restrictive to a specific configuration.
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have been based on or evolved from "fire-monitor" systems, and is not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/nozzle or aircraft systems.
1.3 This guide is one of five related to dispersant application systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five guides (listed in ) is recommended.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.

General Information

Status
Historical
Publication Date
30-Jun-2005
ICS
13.020.40 - Pollution, pollution control and conservation
Technical Committee
F20 - Hazardous Substances and Oil Spill Response
Drafting Committee
F20.13 - Treatment
Current Stage
Ref Project

Relations

Replaced By
ASTM F2465/F2465M-05(2011)e1 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
Effective Date
01-Sep-2011

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ASTM F2465-05 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray SystemsASTM F2465-05 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
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ASTM F2465-05 - Standard Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point Spray Systems
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Standards Content (Sample)


NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation:F2465–05
Standard Guide for
Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equipment: Single-point
Spray Systems
This standard is issued under the fixed designation F2465; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3. Equipment Description
1.1 This guide covers performance criteria, requirements, 3.1 General—“Single-point” oil spill dispersant spray sys-
material characteristics, and essential features for oil spill tems include spray nozzles, some of which may be similar to
dispersant application systems.This guide is not intended to be those used in firefighting, that generate a spray pattern directed
restrictive to a specific configuration. out from a location on the side of the vessel without the need
1.2 This guide covers vessel-based spray systems employ- for an outrigger boom or spray arm system to support the spray
ing single-point spray nozzles, including designs that have nozzle. The system includes a pumping or pressure system to
been based on or evolved from “fire-monitor” systems, and is deliver dispersants to the nozzle(s) or device used to spray the
not fully applicable to other systems such as spray boom/ dispersant out onto the oil slick, and associated piping and
nozzle or aircraft systems. control valves. All systems shall include flow meters and
1.3 Thisguideisoneoffiverelatedtodispersantapplication pressure gauges to monitor the dispersant discharge. All
systems. The other four guides cover the design of boom and systems shall be equipped with provision for cleaning and
nozzle systems, spray system calibration, spray deposition drainage. System components shall be designed to give a
measurements, and use of the systems. Familiarity with all five uniform droplet spray and volumetric coverage as described in
guides (listed in 2.1) is recommended. this guide.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
NOTE 1—Nozzles used in firefighting applications are generally de-
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
signed to direct a large quantity of water or firefighting foam, or both, to
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
a small area or fire hot spot. As such, many standard firefighting nozzles
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- are not suitable for effective application of dispersant. Some firefighting
nozzles have variable spray pattern adjustment and flow control and these
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
may be suitable for dispersant application. Some foam application nozzles
2. Referenced Documents have been designed to generate uniform, volumetric fallout along the
length of their spray pattern and these have potential for dispersant
2.1 ASTM Standards:
application. Nozzles specifically designed for use in single-point disper-
F1413 Guide for Oil Spill Dispersant Application Equip-
sant application systems are also available.
ment: Boom and Nozzle Systems
3.2 Modes of Operation—Typical operational modes could
F1460 Practice for Calibrating Oil Spill Dispersant Appli-
include two nozzles, one mounted on the port deck rail and the
cation Equipment Boom and Nozzle Systems
other on the starboard deck rail, both located towards the bow
F1737 Guide for Use of Oil Spill Dispersant Application
of the vessel. The nozzles are supplied dispersant from either a
Equipment During Spill Response: Boom and Nozzle
common or separate pumps and are plumbed to permit inde-
Systems
pendent operation and flow control. The nozzles spray disper-
F1738 Test Method for Determination of Deposition of
sant out from the side of the vessel perpendicular to the
Aerially Applied Oil Spill Dispersants
direction of the vessel’s movement and treat oil on each side of
the vessel in the zone free of the influence of the vessel’s bow
wave as it moves through the slick. This type of operation is
This guide is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee F20 on Hazardous
only effective in light winds.
Substances and Oil Spill Response and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.2.1 In moderate to high wind conditions the vessel would
F20.13 on Treatment.
travel in a cross-wind direction, and dispersant would be
Current edition approved July 1, 2005. Published August 2005. DOI: 10.1520/
F2465-05.
sprayed downwind, only from the nozzle mounted on the
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
downwind side of the vessel. If nozzles were mounted on both
contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
sides of the vessels only the downwind of the two nozzles
Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
the ASTM website. would be used at any given time. Use of the two nozzles would
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
F2465–05
alternate when the vessel reverses direction after completing a 4.2 Dispersant Flow or Injection Rate Determination—The
spray pass. Smaller single-point spray systems can utilize dispersant flow from each single-point nozzle shall be moni-
portable, “manned” nozzles to permit the operator to direct the tored using appropriate pressure and flow meters. The dispers-
spray from the side of the vessel onto oil slicks either while the ant flow rate (for diluted application, the dispersant flow rate is
vessel is moving or stationary. This allows the operator to
equal to the dispersant injection rate) must be sufficient to
target heavier patches of oil with dispersant as required. produce the required dosage on the thickness of oil being
3.3 NeatversusDiluteApplication—Single-point spray sys-
encountered
tems may be used to apply dispersant neat or diluted, depend-
4.2.1 Dispersant flow rate (DFR) shall be verified using the
ing on the manufacturer’s usage guidelines and on the slick
following equations:
conditions. Operators should be aware that some dispersant
DFR 5 S 3 W 3 D 3 1.67 3 10 (1)
products are less effective when applied diluted with seawater.
Manufacturer’s recommended usage guidelines and indepen-
where:
dent research on dispersant effectiveness testing shall be
DFR = dispersant flow rate, L/min,
consulted when considering dilute application.
S = speed of the delivery vehicle, km/h,
3.4 Operational Advantages:
W = swath width, m, and
3.4.1 In operational terms, single-point spray systems may
D = dosage, L/ha.
offer the following advantages over vessel-based application
systems:
Or equivalently in U.S. units:
3.4.1.1 No specialized spray booms, spray boom attach-
DFR 5 S 3 W 3 D 3 2.33 3 10 (2)
ments, or supports are required, which makes the system easy
to install on vessels-of-opportunity.
where:
3.4.1.2 Less possibility of damage to the spray equipment in
DFR = dispersant flow rate, U.S. gal/min (USGPM),
rough sea conditions.
S = speed of the delivery vehicle, knots,
3.4.1.3 The spray swath can be considerably wider than
W = swath width, ft, and
conventional spray boom/multi-nozzle systems.
D = dosage, U.S. gal per acre (USGPA).
3.4.2 Single-point spray systems may offer the following
4.3 Droplet Size Distribution—The droplet size distribution
advantages over conventional boom and nozzle application
of the dispersant reaching the target shall have a Volume
systems:
Median Diameter (VMD) of between 300 to 800 µm. The
3.4.2.1 The single nozzles are easier to maintain than the
volume median diameter is a means of expressing droplet size
multiple small orifices used in spray boom systems.
in terms of the volume of liquid sprayed. The median volume
3.4.2.2 Higher application rates are possible which may
diameter droplet size, when measured in terms of volume, is a
allow one-pass spraying in thick oil conditions.
valuewhere50 %ofthetotalvolumeofliquidsprayedismade
3.4.2.3 The single-point spray nozzle can be used in a
up of droplets with diameters larger than the median value and
“manned” operation and dispersant spray can be directed to
50 %smallerthanthemedianvalue.Dropletshavingdiameters
thick oil patches in the vicinity of the vessel without the need
lesser than approximately 300 µm have a lower probability of
to precisely position the spray vessel.
hittingthetargetbeca
...

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SCOPE
1.1 This guide provides information and criteria for selection of remote sensing systems for the detection and monitoring of oil on water.  
1.2 This guide applies to the remote sensing of oil-on-water involving a variety of sensing devices used alone or in combination. The sensors may be mounted on vessels, in helicopters, fixed-wing aircraft, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), drones, or aerostats. Excluded are situations where the aircraft are used solely as a telemetry or visual observation platform and exo-atmosphere or satellite systems.  
1.3 The context of sensor use is addressed to the extent it has a bearing on their selection and utility for certain missions or objectives.  
1.4 This guide is generally applicable for all types of crude oils and most petroleum products, under a variety of marine or fresh water situations.  
1.5 Many sensors exhibit limitations with respect to discriminating the target substances under certain states of weathering, lighting, wind and sea, or in certain settings.  
1.6 This guide gives information for evaluating the capability of a remote surveillance technology to locate, determine the areal extent, as well as measure or approximate characteristics of oil spilled upon water.  
1.7 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.8 Remote sensing of oil-on-water involves a number of safety issues associated with the modification of aircraft and their operation, particularly at low altitudes. Also, in some instances, hazardous materials or conditions (for example, certain gases, high voltages, etc.) can be involved. This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.9 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off
  • Guide
    4 pages
    English language
    sale 15% off