ASTM D5571-94(1999)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated Capacity
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated Capacity
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic drum's resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution, a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated pressure and temperature.
1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. The compressive top load is controlled at a constant weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.
1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.
1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of this standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads, chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase agreement.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2.
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Designation: D 5571 – 94 (Reapproved 1999)
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic
Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated
Capacity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environ- 2.1 ASTM Standards:
mental stress crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as a D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufac- ments
turing conditions, field performance, and other factors. D 4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic Container Under Constant Load
drum’s resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
of chemical and physical stresses. Average Quality of a Lot or Process
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
3. Terminology
1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance
3.1 Definitions—Reference Terminology D 996 for defini-
method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution,
a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at tions of terms applicable to this test method.
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
a constant elevated pressure and temperature.
1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance 3.2.1 environmental stress crack—a crack that develops
when a plastic drum is exposed to chemical and physical
method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking
reagent. The compressive top load is controlled at a constant stresses.
3.2.2 plastic tighthead drum—A non-removable head plas-
weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.
1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the tic drum, maximum capacity not exceeding 60 gal (227 L),
with openings for filling and emptying not exceeding 2.76 in.
ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test
reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure (70 mm) in diameter.
3.2.3 stress crack failure—any environmental stress crack
mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may
affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results. that penetrates through the thickness of the drum resulting in a
loss or leakage of the test reagent shall be interpreted as a
1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors
that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of failure.
this standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads,
4. Summary of Test Method
chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and
4.1 Procedure A—Exposes a minimum of three partly filled
supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase
plastic drums to the action of a stress cracking reagent, within
agreement.
the container, at an elevated internal pressure and elevated
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
temperature. The test duration shall be 14 days, or as specified
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
by the user.
information only.
4.2 Procedure B—Exposes a minimum of three plastic
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
drums to a mechanical top load at elevated temperatures. The
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
drums are filled with a stress cracking reagent and sealed prior
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
to the load being applied. The test duration shall be 14 days, or
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
as specified by the user.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific precau-
tionary statements are given in Note 1.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environ-
mental stress-crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums. This
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on Natural
Environment Test Methods. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D 5571
test method may be used for determining the applicability of 6.3.1.2 Pressure Regulator, to reduce line pressure to 2.06
various plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques and 0.1 psi (13.8 6 0.7 kPa).
parameters for plastic tighthead drums. 6.3.1.3 Pressure Gages, calibrated to indicate a pressure of
5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of what 2.0 6 0.05 psi (13.8 6 0.34 kPa).
results when a container is exposed to chemical agents such as 6.3.1.4 Ball Valve—see Fig. 2.
soaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface active solutions while 6.3.1.5 Pressure Relief Valve, to prevent over pressurizing
under conditions of stress. (ruptured disc-type recommended).
5.3 Environmental stress cracking is a mechanism of chemi-
7. Reagent
cal attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin,
7.1 Nonyl Phenoxypoly Ethanol Solution—Prepare a 10 %
drum manufacturing or processing history, exposure tempera-
ture, and applied stress. The combination of these factors may solution, by volume, of the stress cracking agent and water in
sufficient volume to fill the specified number of drums to 10 %
result in eventual stress crack failure.
5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variabil- rated capacity for Procedure A, and to rated capacity for
Procedure B. (It may be helpful to add an indicator dye to the
ity by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions.
This test method may be used as design qualification and solution to aid in the detection of micro-leaks).
auditing tools for plastic tighthead drums.
NOTE 2—Due to the viscosity of the stress cracking agent, it may be
5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitative
helpful to prepare the solution at an elevated temperature. A maximum
value of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It is
temperature of 122°F (50°C) is an acceptable level provided caution is
intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with used to avoid prolonged heating and eventual volume losses.
user’s specifications, or as agreed upon between the user and
8. Sampling
supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field
performance regarding time to failure. 8.1 A minimum of three drums is required for this test.
When possible, for direct comparison, the test drums should be
6. Apparatus
produced by the same process under identical conditions from
6.1 Environmental Chamber—The environmental chamber
the same production lot. It is suggested that the test drum resin,
should be capable of maintaining a temperature control of
machine, mold (if applicable) and process conditions be
62.5°F (61.4°C) of set point. For best circulation and a
thoroughly documented to improve statisti
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