ASTM D5571-94(2001)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated Capacity
Standard Test Method for Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated Capacity
SCOPE
1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environmental stress crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as a summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufacturing conditions, field performance, and other factors.
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic drum's resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence of chemical and physical stresses.
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution, a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at a constant elevated pressure and temperature.
1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking reagent. The compressive top load is controlled at a constant weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.
1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the ability of the closure or closure gasket material to retain the test reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.
1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of this standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads, chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase agreement.
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for information only.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning statements are given in 6.2.
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e1
Designation:D5571–94 (Reapproved 2001)
Standard Test Method for
Environmental Stress Crack Resistance (ESCR) of Plastic
Tighthead Drums Not Exceeding 60 Gal (227 L) in Rated
Capacity
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5571; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Footnote 4 was updated editorially in October 2001.
1. Scope bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Specific warning
statements are given in 6.2.
1.1 This test method provides an indication of the environ-
mental stress crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums as a
2. Referenced Documents
summation of the effects of container design, resin, manufac-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
turing conditions, field performance, and other factors.
D 996 Terminology of Packaging and Distribution Environ-
1.2 This test method may be used to evaluate a plastic
ments
drum’s resistance to failure by cracking when in the presence
D 4577 Test Method for Compression Resistance of a
of chemical and physical stresses.
Container Under Constant Load
1.3 Two procedures are provided as follows:
E 122 Practice for Choice of Sample Size to Estimate the
1.3.1 Procedure A—Internal pressure stress crack resistance
Average Quality of a Lot or Process
method to nonyl phenoxypoly (ethyleneoxy) ethanol solution,
a stress cracking reagent. The internal pressure is controlled at
3. Terminology
a constant elevated pressure and temperature.
3.1 Definitions—Reference Terminology D 996 for defini-
1.3.2 Procedure B—Top-load stress crack resistance
tions of terms applicable to this test method.
method to nonyl phenoxypoly ethanol, a stress cracking
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
reagent. The compressive top load is controlled at a constant
3.2.1 environmental stress crack—a crack that develops
weight while maintaining an elevated temperature.
when a plastic drum is exposed to chemical and physical
1.4 Although these procedures are not designed to test the
stresses.
abilityoftheclosureorclosuregasketmaterialtoretainthetest
3.2.2 plastic tighthead drum—A non-removable head plas-
reagent, the inclusion of closure failure as a container failure
tic drum, maximum capacity not exceeding 60 gal (227 L),
mode is optional. However, leakage through a closure may
with openings for filling and emptying not exceeding 2.76 in.
affect the internal pressure that could affect the test results.
(70 mm) in diameter.
1.5 This test method does not attempt to address all factors
3.2.3 stress crack failure—any environmental stress crack
that could lead to stress cracking of plastic drums. The user of
that penetrates through the thickness of the drum resulting in a
this standard may use other test parameters, such as top loads,
loss or leakage of the test reagent shall be interpreted as a
chemical reagents, etc., as agreed upon between the user and
failure.
supplier in the event of a drum qualification or purchase
agreement.
4. Summary of Test Method
1.6 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
4.1 Procedure A—Exposes a minimum of three partly filled
as the standard. The SI units given in parentheses are for
plastic drums to the action of a stress cracking reagent, within
information only.
the container, at an elevated internal pressure and elevated
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
temperature. The test duration shall be 14 days, or as specified
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
by the user.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Procedure B—Exposes a minimum of three plastic
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
drums to a mechanical top load at elevated temperatures. The
drums are filled with a stress cracking reagent and sealed prior
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D10 on
Packaging and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D10.23 on Natural
Environment Test Methods. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Current edition approved June 15, 1994. Published August 1994. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
D5571
to the load being applied. The test duration shall be 14 days, or
as specified by the user.
5. Significance and Use
5.1 These procedures provide an indication of the environ-
mental stress-crack resistance of plastic tighthead drums. This
test method may be used for determining the applicability of
various plastic resins, mold designs, processing techniques and
parameters for plastic tighthead drums.
5.2 Environmental stress cracking is indicative of what
results when a container is exposed to chemical agents such as FIG. 1 Apparatus for Procedure A
soaps, organics, bleaches, or any surface active solutions while
under conditions of stress.
5.3 Environmentalstresscrackingisamechanismofchemi-
cal attack that is highly dependent upon the test reagent, resin,
drum manufacturing or processing history, exposure tempera-
ture, and applied stress. The combination of these factors may
result in eventual stress crack failure.
5.4 Both procedures minimize the potential for test variabil-
ity by providing the user with rigidly defined test conditions.
This test method may be used as design qualification and
auditing tools for plastic tighthead drums.
5.5 This test method is not meant to provide a quantitative
value of measurement (that is, number of days to failure). It is
intended only as a pass/fail procedure in accordance with
user’s specifications, or as agreed upon between the user and
supplier. It is not intended as a predictor or indicator of field
performance regarding time to failure.
6. Apparatus
6.1 Environmental Chamber—The environmental chamber
should be capable of maintaining a temperature control of
62.5°F (61.4°C) of set point. For best circulation and a
FIG. 2 Quick Connect With Ball Valve
constant temperature throughout, a forced air system is recom-
mended.
6.3.1.5 Pressure Relief Valve, to prevent over pressurizing
6.2 Top Load—Requires free weights (dead load) be placed
(ruptured disc-type recommended).
on top of the specimens in amounts necessary to equal the
specified top load. The deadload base should be of sufficient
7. Reagent
dimensions to completely cover the top perimeter of the drum.
7.1 Nonyl Phenoxypoly Ethanol Solution—Prepare a 10 %
A calibrated pneumatic or hydraulic cylinder may be substi-
solution, by volume, of the stress cracking agent and water in
tuted for the free weights provided that a floating-head platen
sufficient volume to fill the specified number of drums to 10 %
is used. (Warning—The potential exists for catastrophic
rated capacity for Procedure A, and to rated capacity for
stress-crack failure causing an instability of the applied top-
Procedure B. (It may be helpful to add an indicator dye to the
load. Precautionary steps should be taken (that is, allow drum
solution to aid in the detection of micro-leaks).
failure but restrain the top load) to reduce the chance of injury
to the operator or damage to the chamber and surrounding test
NOTE 1—Due to the vis
...
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