ASTM E1875-00e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
Standard Test Method for Dynamic Young's Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson's Ratio by Sonic Resonance
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
This test method has advantages in certain respects over the use of static loading systems for measuring moduli.
5.1.1 This test method is nondestructive in nature. Only minute stresses are applied to the specimen, thus minimizing the possibility of fracture.
5.1.2 The period of time during which measurement stress is applied and removed is of the order of hundreds of microseconds. With this test method it is feasible to perform measurements at high temperatures, where delayed elastic and creep effects would invalidate modulus measurements calculated from static loading.
This test method is suitable for detecting whether a material meets specifications, if cognizance is given to one important fact in materials are often sensitive to thermal history. Therefore, the thermal history of a test specimen must be considered in comparing experimental values of moduli to reference or standard values. Specimen descriptions should include any specific thermal treatments that the specimens have received.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dynamic elastic properties of elastic materials. Specimens of these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequencies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic properties of a material can be computed if the geometry, mass, and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test specimen of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young's modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibrations. Dynamic Young's modulus and dynamic shear modulus are used to compute Poisson's ratio.
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for materials that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1). Materials of a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced) may be tested by this test method with the understanding that the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution, orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be considered in interpreting the test results for composites. This test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks or voids that are major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be fabricated in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a function of temperature from -195 to 1200oC.
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality control is possible. A range of acceptable resonant frequencies is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and mass. Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the selected frequency range are known to include the resonant frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and mass are within specified tolerances.
1.5 There are material specific ASTM standards that cover the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic properties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse excitation of vibration. Test Methods C215, C623, C747, C848, C1198, and C1259 may differ from this test method in several areas (for example; sample size, dimensional tolerances, sample preparation). The testing of these materials shall be done in compliance with these material specific standards. Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and calculations are consistent with these test methods.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the standard.
1.7 This standard does not purpo...
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Designation:E1875–00
Standard Test Method for
Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus, and Poisson’s
1
Ratio by Sonic Resonance
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 1875; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1
e NOTE—Equation 13 was editorially revised in March 2002.
1. Scope this frequency range is rejected. The actual modulus of each
specimen need not be determined as long as the limits of the
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the dy-
selected frequency range are known to include the resonant
namic elastic properties of elastic materials. Specimens of
frequency that the specimen must possess if its geometry and
these materials possess specific mechanical resonant frequen-
mass are within specified tolerances.
cies that are determined by the elastic modulus, mass, and
1.5 There are material specific ASTM standards that cover
geometry of the test specimen. Therefore, the dynamic elastic
the determination of resonance frequencies and elastic proper-
propertiesofamaterialcanbecomputedifthegeometry,mass,
ties of specific materials by sonic resonance or by impulse
and mechanical resonant frequencies of a suitable test speci-
excitation of vibration. Test Methods C 215, C 623, C 747,
men of that material can be measured. Dynamic Young’s
C 848, C 1198, and C 1259 may differ from this test method in
modulus is determined using the resonant frequency in the
several areas (for example; sample size, dimensional toler-
flexural mode of vibration. The dynamic shear modulus, or
ances, sample preparation). The testing of these materials shall
modulus of rigidity, is found using torsional resonant vibra-
be done in compliance with these material specific standards.
tions. Dynamic Young’s modulus and dynamic shear modulus
Where possible, the procedures, sample specifications, and
are used to compute Poisson’s ratio.
calculations are consistent with these test methods.
1.2 This test method is specifically appropriate for materials
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1.6 The values stated in SI units are regarded as the
that are elastic, homogeneous, and isotropic (1). Materials of
standard.
a composite character (particulate, whisker, or fiber reinforced)
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
may be tested by this test method with the understanding that
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
the character (volume fraction, size, morphology, distribution,
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
orientation, elastic properties, and interfacial bonding) of the
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
reinforcement in the test specimen will have a direct effect on
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
the elastic properties. These reinforcement effects must be
considered in interpreting the test results for composites. This
2. Referenced Documents
test method is not satisfactory for specimens that have cracks
2.1 ASTM Standards:
or voids that are major discontinuities in the specimen. Neither
C 215 Test Method for Fundamental Transverse, Longitu-
is the test method satisfactory when these materials cannot be
2
dinal and Torsional Frequencies of Concrete Specimens
fabricated in a uniform rectangular or circular cross section.
C 623 Test Method for Young’s Modulus, Shear Modulus,
1.3 A high-temperature furnace and cryogenic cabinet are
and Poisson’s Ratio for Glass and Glass-Ceramics by
described for measuring the dynamic elastic moduli as a
3
Resonance
function of temperature from –195 to 1200°C.
C 747 Test Method for Moduli of Elasticity and Fundamen-
1.4 Modification of this test method for use in quality
tal Frequencies of Carbon and Graphite Materials by Sonic
control is possible.Arange of acceptable resonant frequencies
4
Resonance
is determined for a specimen with a particular geometry and
C 848 Test Method for Dynamic Young’s Modulus, Shear
mass.Any specimen with a frequency response falling outside
Modulus, and Poisson’s Ratio for Ceramic Whitewares by
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Resonance
1
C 1198 Test Method for DynamicYoung’s Cynamic Modu-
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E28 on
Mechanical Testing and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E28.04 on
lus, Shear Modulus and Poisson’s Ratio for Advanced
Uniaxial Testing.
Current edition approved Nov. 15, 2005. Published January 2001.
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Originally published as E1875-97. Last previous edition E1875–97. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.02.
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Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.01.
Copyright © ASTM International, 1
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