ASTM D5580-02
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-Xylene, o-Xylene, C9 and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, <i>p/m</i>-Xylene, <i>o</i>-Xylene, C<sub>9</sub> and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
Regulations limiting the concentration of benzene and the total aromatic content of finished gasoline have been established for 1995 and beyond in order to reduce the ozone reactivity and toxicity of automotive evaporative and exhaust emissions. Test methods to determine benzene and the aromatic content of gasoline are necessary to assess product quality and to meet new fuel regulations.
This test method can be used for gasolines that contain oxygenates (alcohols and ethers) as additives. It has been determined that the common oxygenates found in finished gasoline do not interfere with the analysis of benzene and other aromatics by this test method.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C9 and heavier aromatics, and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chromatography.
1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without interferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Nonaromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of the C9 and heavier aromatics. For the C8 aromatics, p-xylene and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene are separated. The C9 and heavier aromatics are determined as a single group.
1.3 This test method covers the following concentration ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics: benzene, 0.1 to 5 %; toluene, 1 to 15 %; individual C8 aromatics, 0.5 to 10 %; total C9 and heavier aromatics, 5 to 30 %, and total aromatics, 10 to 80 %.
1.4 Results are reported to the nearest 0.01 % by either mass or by liquid volume.
1.5 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase octane, do not interfere with the analysis. Ethers such as methyl terttert-butylether (ETBE), tert-amylmethylether (TAME), and diisopropylether (DIPE) have been found to elute from the precolumn with the nonaromatic hydrocarbons to vent. Other oxygenates, including methanol and ethanol elute before benzene and the aromatic hydrocarbons. 1-Methylcyclopentene has also been found to elute from the precolumn to vent and does not interfere with benzene.
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only; they may not be exact equivalents.
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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An American National Standard
Designation: D 5580 – 02
Standard Test Method for
Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, p/m-
Xylene, o-Xylene, C and Heavier Aromatics, and Total
9
1
Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 5580; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.1 This test method covers the determination of benzene,
toluene, ethylbenzene, the xylenes, C and heavier aromatics,
9
2. Referenced Documents
and total aromatics in finished motor gasoline by gas chroma-
2.1 ASTM Standards:
tography.
D 1298 TestMethodforDensity,RelativeDensity,(Specific
1.2 The aromatic hydrocarbons are separated without inter-
Gravity) or API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and Liquid
ferences from other hydrocarbons in finished gasoline. Non-
2
Petroleum Products by Hydrometer Method
aromatic hydrocarbons having a boiling point greater than
D 4052 Test Method for Density and Relative Density of
n-dodecane may cause interferences with the determination of
3
Liquids by Digital Density Meter
the C and heavier aromatics. For the C aromatics, p-xylene
9 8
D 4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
and m-xylene co-elute while ethylbenzene and o-xylene are
3
Petroleum Products
separated. The C and heavier aromatics are determined as a
9
D 4307 Practice for Preparation of Liquid Blends for Use as
single group.
3
Analytical Standards
1.3 This test method covers the following concentration
E 355 Practice for Gas Chromatography Terms and Rela-
ranges, in liquid volume %, for the preceding aromatics:
4
tionships
benzene, 0.1 to 5 %; toluene, 1 to 15 %; individual C
8
aromatics, 0.5 to 10 %; total C and heavier aromatics, 5 to
9
3. Terminology
30 %, and total aromatics, 10 to 80 %.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.4 Resultsarereportedtothenearest0.01 %byeithermass
3.1.1 aromatic—any organic compound containing a ben-
or by liquid volume.
zene ring.
1.5 Many of the common alcohols and ethers that are added
3.1.2 low-volume connector—a special union for connect-
to gasoline to reduce carbon monoxide emissions and increase
ing two lengths of narrow bore tubing 1.6-mm (0.06-in.)
octane,donotinterferewiththeanalysis.Etherssuchasmethyl
outside diameter and smaller; sometimes this is referred to as
tert-butylether (MTBE), ethyl tert-butylether (ETBE), tert-
zero dead volume union.
amylmethylether (TAME), and diisopropylether (DIPE) have
3.1.3 narrow bore tubing—tubing used to transfer compo-
been found to elute from the precolumn with the nonaromatic
nents prior to or after separation; usually 0.5-mm (0.02-in.)
hydrocarbons to vent. Other oxygenates, including methanol
inside diameter and smaller.
and ethanol elute before benzene and the aromatic hydrocar-
3.1.4 split ratio—in capillary gas chromatography, the ratio
bons. 1-Methylcyclopentene has also been found to elute from
of the total flow of carrier gas to the sample inlet versus the
the precolumn to vent and does not interfere with benzene.
flow of the carrier gas to the capillary column, expressed by:
1.6 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
split ratio 5 ~S 1 C!/C (1)
standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for
information only; they may not be exact equivalents.
where:
1.7 This standard does not purport to address all of the
S = flow rate at the splitter vent and
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
C = flow rate at the column outlet.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
3.1.5 1,2,3-tris-2-cyanoethoxypropane (TCEP)—apolargas
chromatographic liquid phase.
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
2
D02.04.0L on Gas Chromatography. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
3
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2002. Published March 2002. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.02.
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published as D 5580 – 94. Last previous edition D 5580 – 00. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D 5580
3.1.6 wall-coated open tubular (WCOT)—a type of capil- 4.4 The flame ionization detector response, proportional to
larycolumnpreparedbycoatingtheinsidewallofthecapillary the concentration of each component, i
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