ASTM D1094-00(2005)

Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
When applied to aviation gasoline,  water reaction volume change using the technique reveals the presence of water–soluble components such as alcohols. When applied to aviation turbine fuels, water reaction interface rating using the technique reveals the presence of relatively large quantities of partially soluble contaminants such as surfactants. Contaminants that affect the interface are apt to disarm filter-separators quickly and allow free water and particulates to pass. Other tests, such as Test Method D 3948, are capable of detecting surfactants in aviation fuels.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the presence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume change and on the fuel-water interface.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard involves the use of hazardous chemicals identified in Section . Before using this standard, refer to suppliers' safety labels, Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-Oct-2005
• ICS: 75.160.20 - Liquid fuels
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.J0.05 - Fuel Cleanliness

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D1094-00 - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Replaced By: ASTM D1094-07 - Standard Test Method for Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2007
• Referred By: ASTM D910-21 - Standard Specification for Leaded Aviation Gasolines
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7826-23a - Standard Guide for Evaluation of New Aviation Gasolines and New Aviation Gasoline Additives
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7719-21a - Standard Specification for High Aromatic Content Unleaded Hydrocarbon Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7960-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Non-hydrocarbon Components
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D8434-21 - Standard Specification for Unleaded Aviation Gasoline Test Fuel Containing Organo-metallic Additive
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D7547-23 - Standard Specification for Hydrocarbon Unleaded Aviation Gasoline
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Referred By: ASTM D6615-22 - Standard Specification for Jet B Wide-Cut Aviation Turbine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
Designation:D1094–00 (Reapproved 2005)
Standard Test Method for
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Water Reaction of Aviation Fuels
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 1094; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2.2 IP Standard:
IP Standard Test Methods Vol 2, Appendix B, Specification
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the pres-
3
for Petroleum Spirits
ence of water-miscible components in aviation gasoline and
turbine fuels, and the effect of these components on volume
3. Terminology
change and on the fuel-water interface.
3.1 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
3.1.1 film, n—thin, translucent layer that does not adhere to
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
the wall of the glass cylinder.
standard.
3.1.2 lace, n—fibers thicker than hairlike shred or of which
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
more than 10 % are interlocking, or both.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.3 loose lace or slight scum, or both (Table 2, Rating 3),
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
n—an assessment that the fuel/buffer solution interface is
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
covered with more than 10 % but less than 50 % of lace or
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. This standard
scum that does not extend into either of the two layers.
involvestheuseofhazardouschemicalsidentifiedinSection7.
3.1.4 scum, n—layer thicker than film or that adheres to the
Before using this standard, refer to suppliers’ safety labels,
wall of the glass cylinder, or both.
Material Safety Data Sheets and other technical literature.
3.1.5 shred, n—hairlike fibers of which less than 10 % are
2. Referenced Documents interlocking.
2
3.1.6 shred, lace or film at interface (Table 2, Rating 2),
2.1 ASTM Standards:
n—an assessment that fuel/buffer solution interface contains
D 381 Test Method for Gum Content in Fuels by Jet
more than 50 % clear bubbles or some but less than 10 %
Evaporation
shred, lace, film or both.
D611 Test Methods for Aniline Point and Mixed Aniline
3.1.7 tight lace or heavy scum, or both (Table 2, Rating 4),
Point of Petroleum Products and Hydrocarbon Solvents
n—an assessment that the fuel/buffer solution interface is
D 1836 Specification for Commercial Hexanes
covered with more than 50 % of lace or scum, or both, that
D 2699 Test Method for Research Octane Number of
extends into either of the two layers or forms an emulsion, or
Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
both.
D 2700 Test Method for Motor Octane Number of Spark-
3.1.8 water reaction interface conditions rating, n—a quali-
Ignition Engine Fuel
tative assessment of the tendency of a mixture of water and
D 3948 Test Method for Determining Water Separation
aviation turbine fuel to form interface films or precipitates.
Characteristics of Aviation Turbine Fuels by Portable
3.1.9 water reaction separation rating, n—a qualitative
Separometer
assessment of the tendency of insufficiently cleaned glassware
to produce emulsions or precipitates, or both, in separated fuel
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and water layers.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
3.1.10 water reaction volume change, n—a qualitative in-
D02.J0 on Aviation Fuels.
dication of the presence in aviation gasoline of water-soluble
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2005. Published November 2005. Originally
components.
approved in 1950. Last previous edition approved in 2000 as D 1094 – 00.
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For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
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Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on Available from the Institute of Petroleum, 61 New Cavendish St., London,
the ASTM website. W1M 8AR.
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D1094–00 (2005)
4. Summary of Test Method phate buffer solution may be prepared provided the concentra-
tion of K HPO and KH PO in the water solution is equiva-
2 4 2 4
4.1 A sample of the fuel is shaken, using a standardized
lent to that described above. As an alternative, the laboratory
technique, at room temperature with a phosphate
...