ASTM D7214-07a(2019)
(Test Method)Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
Standard Test Method for Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
5.1 The PAI is representative of the quantity of all the compounds containing a carbonyl function that have formed by the oxidation of the lubricant (aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, esters, anhydrides, etc.). The PAI gives representative information on the chemical degradation of the lubricant which has been caused by oxidation.
5.2 This test method was developed for transmission oils and is used in the CEC L-48-A-00 test (Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging) as a parameter for the end of test evaluation.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the oxidation of the lubricant.
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone of 1600 cm-1 to 1800 cm-1. Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these possible interferences in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
General Information
Relations
Buy Standard
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D7214 − 07a (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR
1
Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method was jointly developed with “Groupement Francais de Coordination” (GFC),
technicalcommitteeLM5and“CoordinatingEuropeanCouncil”(CEC) SurveillanceGroupT-048for
the purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.
This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurement
parameter.
1. Scope responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxida-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
tion of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared
1.7 This international standard was developed in accor-
Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of con-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
stituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
during the oxidation of the lubricant.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
test method is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation
property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in
2. Referenced Documents
service.
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory
Petroleum Products
test, for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the
and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical
presence of other components with an absorbance band in the
-1 -1
Measurement System Performance
zone of 1600 cm to 1800 cm . Low PAI values may be
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these
E1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance
possible interferences in more detail.
of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrom-
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
eters: Level Zero and Level One Tests
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Perfor-
standard.
mance Tests
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
2.2 CEC Standard:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils
3
Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
2
Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
Subcommittee D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
In-Service Lubricants. Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2019. Published December 2019. Originally the ASTM website.
3
approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as D7214–07a (2012). Available from Coordinating European Council (CEC), c/o Interlynk Admin-
DOI: 10.1520/D7214-07AR19. istrative Services, Ltd., P.O. Box 6475, Earl Shilton, Leicester, LE9 9ZB, U.K.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7214 − 07a (2019)
3. Terminology 8. Reagents and Materials
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to molecular 8.1 Purity of Reagents—Reagent grade chemicals shall be
spectroscopic methods, refer to Terminology E131. used in all tests. Unless otherwise indicated, it is intended that
all reagents shall conform to the specifications of the commit-
3.2 Definitions of
...
This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation: D7214 − 07a (Reapproved 2012) D7214 − 07a (Reapproved 2019)
Standard Test Method for
Determination of the Oxidation of Used Lubricants by FT-IR
1
Using Peak Area Increase Calculation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D7214; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
INTRODUCTION
This test method was jointly developed with “Groupement Francais de Coordination” (GFC),
technical committee LM5 and “Coordinating European Council” (CEC) Surveillance Group T-048 for
the purpose of monitoring the oxidation stability of artificially aged automotive transmission fluids.
This test method has been used in the CEC L-48-A-00 method as an end of test measurement
parameter.
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the oxidation of used lubricants by FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared
Spectroscopy). It measures the concentration change of constituents containing a carbonyl function that have formed during the
oxidation of the lubricant.
1.2 This test method may be used to indicate relative changes that occur in an oil under oxidizing conditions. The test method
is not intended to measure an absolute oxidation property that can be used to predict performance of an oil in service.
1.3 This test method was developed for transmission oils which have been degraded either in service, or in a laboratory test,
for example a bulk oxidation test. It may be used for other in-service oils, but the stated precision may not apply.
1.4 The results of this test method may be affected by the presence of other components with an absorbance band in the zone
-1 -1
of 1600–18001600 cm to 1800 cm . Low PAI values may be difficult to determine in those cases. Section 6 describes these
possible interferences in more detail.
1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety safety, health, and healthenvironmental practices and determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.7 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Referenced Documents
2
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D6299 Practice for Applying Statistical Quality Assurance and Control Charting Techniques to Evaluate Analytical Measure-
ment System Performance
E131 Terminology Relating to Molecular Spectroscopy
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D02.96.03 on FTIR Testing Practices and Techniques Related to In-Service Lubricants.
Current edition approved Nov. 1, 2012Dec. 1, 2019. Published November 2012December 2019. Originally approved in 2006. Last previous edition approved in 20072012
as D7214–07a. –07a (2012). DOI: 10.1520/D7214-07AR12.10.1520/D7214-07AR19.
2
For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D7214 − 07a (2019)
E1421 Practice for Describing and Measuring Performance of Fourier Transform Mid-Infrared (FT-MIR) Spectrometers: Level
Zero and Level One Tests
E1866 Guide for Establishing Spectrophotometer Performance Tests
2.2 CEC Standard:
3
CEC L-48-A-00 Oxidation Stability of Lubricating Oils Used in Automotive Transmissions by Artificial Aging
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions—For terminology relating to molecular spectroscopic methods, refer to Terminology E131.
3.2
...
Questions, Comments and Discussion
Ask us and Technical Secretary will try to provide an answer. You can facilitate discussion about the standard in here.