ASTM D86-11b

Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The basic test method of determining the boiling range of a petroleum product by performing a simple batch distillation has been in use as long as the petroleum industry has existed. It is one of the oldest test methods under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02, dating from the time when it was still referred to as the Engler distillation. Since the test method has been in use for such an extended period, a tremendous number of historical data bases exist for estimating end-use sensitivity on products and processes.
The distillation (volatility) characteristics of hydrocarbons have an important effect on their safety and performance, especially in the case of fuels and solvents. The boiling range gives information on the composition, the properties, and the behavior of the fuel during storage and use. Volatility is the major determinant of the tendency of a hydrocarbon mixture to produce potentially explosive vapors.
The distillation characteristics are critically important for both automotive and aviation gasolines, affecting starting, warm-up, and tendency to vapor lock at high operating temperature or at high altitude, or both. The presence of high boiling point components in these and other fuels can significantly affect the degree of formation of solid combustion deposits.
Volatility, as it affects rate of evaporation, is an important factor in the application of many solvents, particularly those used in paints.
Distillation limits are often included in petroleum product specifications, in commercial contract agreements, process refinery/control applications, and for compliance to regulatory rules.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels, biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner fuels.
Note 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.  
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are provided for information only.
1.5 WARNINGMercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s websitehttp://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htmfor additional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establi...

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2011
• ICS: 75.080 - Petroleum products in general
• Technical Committee: D02 - Petroleum Products, Liquid Fuels, and Lubricants
• Drafting Committee: D02.08 - Volatility

Relations

• Replaces: ASTM D86-11a - Standard Test Method for Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4814-23 - Standard Specification for Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7213-15(2019) - Standard Test Method for Boiling Range Distribution of Petroleum Distillates in the Boiling Range from 100 °C to 615 °C by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7665-22 - Standard Guide for Evaluation of Biodegradable Heat Transfer Fluids
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM E3050-22 - Standard Specification for Denatured Ethanol for Use as Cooking and Appliance Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D2425-21 - Standard Test Method for Hydrocarbon Types in Middle Distillates by Mass Spectrometry
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D4806-21a - Standard Specification for Denatured Fuel Ethanol for Blending with Gasolines for Use as Automotive Spark-Ignition Engine Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D8111-23a - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence IIIH, Spark-Ignition Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7156-19 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Diesel Engine Oils in the T-11 Exhaust Gas Recirculation Diesel Engine
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D5580-21 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Benzene, Toluene, Ethylbenzene, <emph type="ital"> p/m</emph>-Xylene, <emph type="ital">o</emph>-Xylene, C<inf>9</inf> and Heavier Aromatics, and Total Aromatics in Finished Gasoline by Gas Chromatography
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6709-22 - Standard Test Method for Evaluation of Automotive Engine Oils in the Sequence VIII Spark-Ignition Engine (CLR Oil Test Engine)
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6560-22 - Standard Test Method for Determination of Asphaltenes (Heptane Insolubles) in Crude Petroleum and Petroleum Products
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D975-23 - Standard Specification for Diesel Fuel
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D6122-22 - Standard Practice for Validation of the Performance of Multivariate Online, At-Line, Field and Laboratory Infrared Spectrophotometer, and Raman Spectrometer Based Analyzer Systems
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011
• Referred By: ASTM D7583-16(2023) - Standard Test Method for John Deere Coolant Cavitation Test
• Effective Date: 01-Dec-2011

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D86 − 11b
StandardTest Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope* mercury containing products. See the applicable product Ma-
terial Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) for details and EPA’s
1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of
website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for addi-
petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit to
tional information. Users should be aware that selling mercury
determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of
and/or mercury containing products into your state or country
such products as light and middle distillates, automotive
may be prohibited by law.
spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the
Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels,
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
burner fuels.
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use.
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11
different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
2. Referenced Documents
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. The
results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are compa-
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to
rable or within the published repeatability of the method (with the
agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent
exception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be
edition of the standards indicated below, unless otherwise
concluded that Test Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such
specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules
as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with
greater than 10 v% ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting where earlier versions of the method(s) identified may be
2
data.
required.
3
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate
2.2 ASTM Standards:
fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
quantities of residual material.
D323 TestMethodforVaporPressureofPetroleumProducts
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated (Reid Method)
instruments. D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and
Petroleum Products
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum
to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses
Products, and Lubricants
are provided for information only.
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many
Petroleum Products
regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and
central nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or
Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to
D5190 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
materials.Cautionshouldbetakenwhenhandlingmercuryand
ucts (Automatic Method)
D5191 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Prod-
1
ucts (Mini Method)
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on
Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
D5798 Specification for Ethanol Fuel Blends for Flexible-
D02.08 on Volatility.
Fuel Automotive Spark-Ignition Engines
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123.
It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2011. Published February 2012. Originally
3
approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D86–11a. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/D0086-11B. contact ASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694
...

This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D86–11a Designation:D86–11b
Standard Test Method for
1
Distillation of Petroleum Products at Atmospheric Pressure
ThisstandardisissuedunderthefixeddesignationD86;thenumberimmediatelyfollowingthedesignationindicatestheyearoforiginal
adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.Asuperscript
epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope*
1.1This1.1 This test method covers the atmospheric distillation of petroleum products using a laboratory batch distillation unit
to determine quantitatively the boiling range characteristics of such products as light and middle distillates, automotive
spark-ignition engine fuels with or without oxygenates (see Note 1), aviation gasolines, aviation turbine fuels, diesel fuels,
biodiesel blends up to 20 %, marine fuels, special petroleum spirits, naphthas, white spirits, kerosines, and Grades 1 and 2 burner
fuels.
NOTE 1—An interlaboratory study was conducted in 2008 involving 11 different laboratories submitting 15 data sets and 15 different samples of
ethanol-fuel blends containing 25 v%, 50 v%, and 75 v% ethanol. The results indicate that the repeatability limits of these samples are comparable or
within the published repeatability of the method (with the exception of FBP of 75% ethanol-fuel blends). On this basis, it can be concluded that Test
Method D86 is applicable to ethanol-fuel blends such as Ed75 and Ed85 (Specification D5798) or other ethanol-fuel blends with greater than 10 v%
2
ethanol. See ASTM RR:D02-1694 for supporting data.
1.2 The test method is designed for the analysis of distillate fuels; it is not applicable to products containing appreciable
quantities of residual material.
1.3 This test method covers both manual and automated instruments.
1.4 Unless otherwise noted, the values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are
provided for information only.
1.5 WARNING—Mercury has been designated by many regulatory agencies as a hazardous material that can cause central
nervous system, kidney and liver damage. Mercury, or its vapor, may be hazardous to health and corrosive to materials. Caution
should be taken when handling mercury and mercury containing products. See the applicable product Material Safety Data Sheet
(MSDS) for details and EPA’s website—http://www.epa.gov/mercury/faq.htm—for additional information. Users should be aware
that selling mercury and/or mercury containing products into your state or country may be prohibited by law.
1.6 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use.
2. Referenced Documents
2.1 All standards are subject to revision, and parties to agreement on this test method are to apply the most recent edition of
the standards indicated below, unless otherwise specified, such as in contractual agreements or regulatory rules where earlier
versions of the method(s) identified may be required.
3
2.2 ASTM Standards:
D97 Test Method for Pour Point of Petroleum Products
D323 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Petroleum Products (Reid Method)
D4057 Practice for Manual Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4175 Terminology Relating to Petroleum, Petroleum Products, and Lubricants
D4177 Practice for Automatic Sampling of Petroleum and Petroleum Products
D4953 Test Method for Vapor Pressure of Gasoline and Gasoline-Oxygenate Blends (Dry Method)
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D02 on Petroleum Products and Lubricants and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D02.08 on
Volatility.
In the IP, the equivalent test method is published under the designation IP 123. It is under the jurisdiction of the Standardization Committee.
Current edition approved JulyDec. 1, 2011. PublishedAugust 2011.February 2012. Originally approved in 1921. Last previous edition approved in 2011 as D86–11a. DOI:
10.1520/D0086-11AB.
2
Supporting data have been filed at ASTM International Headquarters and may be obtained by requesting Research Report RR:D02-1694.
3
For referencedASTM standards, visit theASTM website, www.astm.org, or contactASTM Customer Service at [e-mail]. For Annual Book of ASTM Standar
...