ASTM D2381-87(1999)e1
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Flexible Composite Materials Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2005)
Standard Test Methods for Flexible Composite Materials Used for Electrical Insulation (Withdrawn 2005)
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing flexible materials consisting of two or more insulating components combined to form a composite to be used as an electrical insulation.
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order: ASTM Reference Procedure Section Method Breaking Strength 25 to 31 D 202, D 1458 Conditioning 4 ... Dielectric Breakdown 9 to 15 D 149, D 295 Voltage Tearing Resistance 32 to 37 D 689, D 827, D 1004 Thickness 5 to 8 D 374 Volume Resistivity 16 to 24 D 257
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety problems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.> A specific warning statement is given in 13.2.
WITHDRAWN RATIONALE
p>These test methods cover procedures for testing flexible materials consisting of two or more insulating components combined to form a composite to be used as an electrical insulation.
Formerly under the jurisdiction of Committee D09 on Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials, these test methods were withdrawn in September 2005. These test methods were withdrawn without replacement since Committee D09 cannot maintain a standard for which the expertise may not lie within the current committee membership, or for which the utilization of the standard is questionable.
General Information
Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
An American National Standard
e1
Designation:D2381–87(Reapproved1999)
Standard Test Methods for
Flexible Composite Materials Used for Electrical Insulation
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 2381; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
e NOTE—Editorial changes were made throughout in November 1999.
1. Scope D 257 Test Methods for DC Resistance or Conductance of
Insulating Materials
1.1 These test methods cover procedures for testing flexible
D 295 Test Methods for Varnished Cotton Fabrics Used for
materials consisting of two or more insulating components
Electrical Insulation
combined to form a composite to be used as an electrical
D 374 Test Methods for Thickness of Solid Electrical Insu-
insulation.
lation
1.2 The procedures appear in the following order:
D 689 Test Method for Internal Tearing Resistance of Pa-
ASTM Reference
per
Procedure Section Method
Breaking Strength 24 to 30 D 202, D 1458
D 827 Test Method for Edge Tearing Strength of Paper
Conditioning 4 .
D 1004 Test Method for Initial Tear Resistance of Plastic
Dielectric Breakdown 9 to 15 D 149, D 295
Voltage Film and Sheeting
Tearing Resistance 31 to 36 D 689, D 827,
D 1458 Test Methods for Fully Cured Silicone Rubber-
D 1004
Coated Glass Fabric and Tapes for Electrical Insulation
Thickness 5 to 8 D 374
D 1711 Terminology Relating to Electrical Insulation
Volume Resistivity 16 to 23 D 257
D 6054 Practice for Conditioning Electrical Insulating Ma-
1.3 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be regarded
terials for Testing
as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for
information only.
3. Terminology
1.4 This standard does not purport to address all of the
3.1 Definitions:
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.1.1 For definitions of terms used in these test methods see
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
Terminology D 1711.
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. Aspecific warning
4. Conditioning
statement is given in 13.2.
4.1 Unless otherwise specified in the individual specifica-
tion, condition test specimens for the time specified in 4.1.1 or
2. Referenced Documents
4.1.2 in the standard laboratory atmosphere of Practice D 6054
2.1 ASTM Standards:
at the tightened tolerances of 62 % relative humidity and
D 149 Test Method for Dielectric Breakdown Voltage and
61°C. Conduct tests immediately after removal from the
Dielectric Strength of Solid Electrical Insulating Materials
conditioning room or chamber. In matters of dispute, 4.1.1
at Commercial Power Frequencies
shall be considered the referee procedure.
D 202 Test Methods for Sampling and Testing Untreated
4.1.1 Condition for 96 h.
Paper Used for Electrical Insulation
4.1.2 Condition for 48 h.
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D-9 on
Electrical and Electronic Insulating Materials and are under the jurisdiction of
Subcommittee D09.19 on Dielectric Sheet and Roll Products. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
Current edition approved March 27, 1987. Published May 1987. Originally Discontinued, see 1981 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.
published as D 2381 – 65 T. Last previous edition D 2381 – 81. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.02.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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D2381–87 (1999)
THICKNESS 10.2.1 Cylindrical electrodes, ⁄4 in. (6.3 mm) in diameter
with edges rounded to a radius of ⁄32 in. (0.8 mm) (Type 3 of
Test Method D 149) shall be used to determine dielectric
5. Significance and Use
breakdown voltage of tapes, also rolls and sheet materials to be
5.1 The importance of space factor, particularly in slot cell
compared with tape.
design and in other electrical equipment, makes proper deter-
10.2.2 Cylindrical electrodes, 2 in. (50.8 mm) in diameter
mination of thickness essential.
and 1 in. (25.4 mm) in length with the edges rounded to a
5.2 Some properties, such as dielectric breakdown, vary
radius of ⁄4 in. (Type 1) shall be used to determine dielectric
with the thickness of the material; and certain properties such
breakdown voltage of rolls and sheet materials.
as volume resistivity cannot be determined without a knowl-
10.2.3 The ⁄4-in. electrodes shall be mounted in a test
edge of thickness.
assemblythatpermitsclampingthespecimenbetweenpressure
gaskets to eliminate voltage flashover, as described in the
6. Test Specimens
Appendix to Test Methods D 295.
6.1 In the case of rolls or sheets, across the entire width cut
10.2.4 The 2-in. electrodes may be mounted in a test
a specimen 1 in. (25.4 mm) wide.
assemblythatpermitsclampingthespecimenbetweenpressure
6.2 In the case of tapes, the specimens shall be 36 in. (920
gaskets, but this is not mandatory. Specimen size shall be
mm) long.
increased when flashover occurs with ungasketed 2-in. elec-
trodes.
7. Procedure
7.1 Measure the thickness in accordance with Test Methods
11. Test Specimens
D 374, with the following modifications:
11.1 In the case of rolls and sheets, cut specimens at least 6
7.1.1 Raise the presser foot the distance necessary to allow
in. (150 mm) wide or of adequate width and suitable length to
free movement of the specimen from measurement to measure-
prevent flashover.
ment position. Carefully lower the presser foot this distance.
11.2 In the case of tape, cut specimens the width of the tape
7.1.2 Use Methods C or D unless otherwise agreed upon
with a maximum width of 2 in. (50.8 mm) and a suitable
between the user and supplier.
length.
7.1.3 In the case of rolls and sheets, take ten measurements
equally spaced across the width of the specimen.The thickness
12. Conditioning
of the material shall be the average of the ten measurements.
7.1.4 In the case of tapes, unless otherwise specified, take
12.1 Condition specimens in accordance with Section 4.
ten measurements equally spaced along the length of each
specimen. The thickness of the tape shall be the average of the
13. Procedure
ten measurements.
13.1 Determine the dielectric breakdown voltage in accor-
7.1.4.1 Test Method D 374 prohibits the measurement of
dance with Test Method D 149, except as modified in Sections
thickness within 6 mm of a specimen edge. Users of Test
10-12 of this test method.
Methods D 2381 may ignore this directive if narrow tape
13.2 Warning—Lethal voltages are a potential hazard
specimens are being tested for thickness.
during the performance of this test. It is essential that the test
apparatus, and all associated equipment electrically connected
8. Report
to it, be properly designed and installed for safe operation.
8.1 Report the average, maximum, and minimum thickness
Solidly ground all electrically conductive parts which it is
in inches (millimetres).
possible for a person to contact during the test. Provide means
for use at the completion of any test to ground any parts which
DIELECTRIC BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE
were at high voltage during the test or have the potential for
acquiring an induced charge during the test or retaining a
9. Significance and Use
charge even after disconnection of the voltage source. Thor-
9.1 See the general statement on the significance of the
oughly instruct all operators as to the correct procedures for
dielectric breakdown voltage test as prescribed in Test Method
performing tests safely. When making high voltage tests,
D 149.
particularly in compressed gas or in oil, it is possible for the
9.2 Flexible composite materials are frequently treated with
energy released at breakdown to be suffıcient to result in fire,
a resin or varnish in the completed assembly of electrical
explosion, or rupture of the test chamber. Design test equip-
equipment. The dielectric breakdown voltage of the untreated
ment, test chambers, and test specimens so as to minimize the
composite may therefore be of less significance than that of the
possibility of such occurrences and to eliminate the possibility
assembly after treatment.
of personal injury. If the potential for fire exists, have fire
suppression equipment available.
10. Apparatus
13.3 Make tests in air at standard laboratory conditions
unless otherwise agreed upon between the user and supplier.
10.1 Electrical Apparatus—The apparatus described in Test
Method D 149 shall be used. 13.4 Make tests using the short-time test with the voltages
10.2 Electrodes: increased at the rate of 500 V/s.
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D2381–87 (1999)
NOTE 1—If silver paint electrodes are use
...
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