ASTM D1982-13(2022)

Standard Test Method for Titer of Fatty Acids

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Saturated fatty acids solidify at a higher temperature than unsaturated fatty acids. This test method provides a means of measuring the solidification temperature of a sample containing both unsaturated and saturated fatty acids by cooling the specimen and measuring the temperature at which solidification occurs.  
3.2 Samples containing higher levels of saturated acids will have a higher titer (solidification temperature) than those with lower levels of saturated acids.  
3.3 Water present in the sample will raise the titer, so provisions are made in the test method to remove traces of moisture.
SCOPE
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solidification (titer) point of fatty acids and is applicable to all fatty acids.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Published
• Publication Date: 30-Nov-2022
• ICS: 87.060.20 - Binders
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.34 - Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins

Relations

• Refers: ASTM E1-13 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-May-2013
• Refers: ASTM E1-07 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2007
• Refers: ASTM E1-05 - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2005
• Refers: ASTM E1-03a - Standard Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
• Effective Date: 01-Nov-2003
• Refers: ASTM E1-03 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-May-2003
• Refers: ASTM E1-01 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Refers: ASTM E1-98e1 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001
• Refers: ASTM E1-98 - Standard Specification for ASTM Thermometers
• Effective Date: 10-Oct-2001

Overview

ASTM D1982-13(2022), Standard Test Method for Titer of Fatty Acids, is an internationally recognized ASTM standard that specifies the procedure for determining the solidification point, or “titer,” of fatty acids. This test method applies to all fatty acids and is valued for evaluating the relative saturation in a sample by measuring its solidification temperature after moisture removal. The titer, expressed in degrees Celsius (SI units only), is a critical parameter in various industries using fatty acids, as it directly relates to the proportion of saturated versus unsaturated acids within a substance.

Key Topics

• Titer Determination: The standard describes a precise method for establishing the solidification temperature of fatty acids, vital for quality control and characterization.
• Sample Composition Impact: Higher proportions of saturated fatty acids result in a higher titer, as these compounds solidify at higher temperatures than unsaturated acids.
• Moisture Management: Traces of water in fatty acid samples elevate the titer readings. The method mandates thorough drying of samples to ensure accuracy.
• Apparatus and Procedure:
  • Use of specialized laboratory equipment, including Griffin low-form beakers, test tubes, and ASTM titer test thermometers.
  • Step-by-step cooling and agitation protocol to identify the precise temperature at which the sample solidifies.
• Measurement Consistency: Duplicate tests by the same operator should agree within 0.2°C, ensuring repeatability and reliability.

Applications

ASTM D1982-13(2022) is valuable for a broad range of practical applications in industries that produce or utilize fatty acids:

• Quality Assurance in Manufacturing: Producers of soaps, cosmetics, lubricants, and oleochemicals use the titer test to monitor batch integrity and raw material consistency.
• Material Selection: The titer value aids in selecting fatty acid grades for specific applications where melting behavior is critical to performance.
• Research and Development: Chemical and biochemical research commonly requires precise characterization of fatty acids, especially when developing new formulations or evaluating sources of fats and oils.
• Regulatory Compliance: Implementing standardized test methods like ASTM D1982 supports product claims and ensures adherence to international trade requirements by following globally accepted protocols.

Related Standards

For broader context and complementary testing methods, consider the following related standards:

• ASTM E1 - Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers: Referenced for the titer thermometer requirements.
• AOCS H6-40 - Titer Thermometer Specification: Offers technical criteria for thermometers used in titer determination.
• ISO and ASTM Standards on fatty acids, fats, and oils: Many other global standards address aspects of purity, composition, and quality parameters beyond titer.
• World Trade Organization (WTO) TBT Guidelines: This standard aligns with WTO Technical Barriers to Trade principles ensuring international compatibility.

Conclusion

ASTM D1982-13(2022) delivers a robust, reproducible method for determining the titer of fatty acids, which is essential for quality control, specification compliance, and material development across multiple industries. Adhering to this standard enhances process reliability and guarantees internationally recognized results, strengthening confidence in fatty acid analyses performed for commercial or regulatory purposes.

Keywords: ASTM D1982, fatty acids, titer, solidification point, saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids, standard test method, melting point, laboratory testing, quality control, international standard.

Standards Content (Sample)

This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: D1982 − 13 (Reapproved 2022)
Standard Test Method for
Titer of Fatty Acids
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D1982; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope 3.2 Samples containing higher levels of saturated acids will
have a higher titer (solidification temperature) than those with
1.1 This test method covers the determination of the solidi-
lower levels of saturated acids.
fication (titer) point of fatty acids and is applicable to all fatty
acids.
3.3 Water present in the sample will raise the titer, so
provisions are made in the test method to remove traces of
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
moisture.
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
standard.
4. Apparatus
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 4.1 Beaker, Griffin low-form, 2-L capacity.
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
4.2 Bottle, wide-mouth, 450-mL capacity, 190-mm height,
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
inside diameter of neck 40 mm.
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor- 4.3 Test Tubes, 100 mm in length, 25 mm in diameter, with
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
or without rim. These tubes may have an etched mark
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the extending around the tube at a distance of 57 mm from the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
bottom to show the height to which the tube is to be filled.
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
4.4 Stirrer,2mmto3mminoutsidediameter,withoneend
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
bent in the form of a loop 20 mm in outside diameter. Glass or
stainless steel wire may be used.The upper end can be formed
2. Referenced Documents
toaccommodatehandstirringortobeattachedtoamechanical
2.1 ASTM Standards:
stirrer.
E1Specification for ASTM Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers
4.5 Laboratory Thermometer, having a range from 0°C to
2.2 AOCS Standard:
150°C.
Specification H6-40
4.6 Titer Test Thermometer—An ASTM Titer Test Ther-
3. Significance and Use
mometer having a range from −2 °C to +68°C and conform-
3.1 Saturated fatty acids solidify at a higher temperature
ing to the requirements for Thermometer 36C as prescribed in
thanunsaturatedfattyacids.Thistestmethodprovidesameans
Specification E1. Thermometric devices such as RTDs, therm-
of measuring the solidification temperature of a sample con-
istors and liquid-in-glass thermometers of equal or better
taining both unsaturated and saturated fatty acids by cooling
accuracy in the specified temperature range, may be used.
the specimen and measuring the temperature at which solidi-
NOTE 1—Thermometers conforming to the requirements for theAOCS
fication occurs.
Titer Thermometer (AOCS Specification H6-40) meet these require-
ments.
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, andApplications and is the direct responsibility of
5. Procedure
Subcommittee D01.34 on Pine Chemicals and Hydrocarbon Resins.
Current edition approved Dec. 1, 2022. Published December 2
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