ASTM D3559-08
(Test Method)Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water
Standard Test Methods for Lead in Water
SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
The test for lead is necessary because it is a toxicant and because there is a limit specified for lead in potable water in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This test serves to determine whether the lead content of potable water is above or below the acceptable limit.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as follows:
Concentration
Range
Sections Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct1.0 to 10 mg/L 7 to 15 Test Method B—Atomic Absorption,
Chelation-Extraction100 to 1000 μg/L16 to 24 Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic
Stripping Voltammetry1 to 100 μg/L25 to 35 Test Method D—Atomic Absorption,
Graphite Furnace5 to 100 μg/L36 to 44
1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines. Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and a production plant process water.
1.3 It is the user's responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11, 23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1.
7.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in most waters and wastewaters.
7.2 The test method is applicable in the range from 1.0 to 10 mg/L of lead. The upper limits of detectability can be increased to concentrations greater than 10 mg/L by dilution of the sample.
17.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in most waters and brines.
17.2 This test method is applicable in the range from 100 to 1000 μg/L of lead. The range may be extended upward by dilution of the samples.
27.1 This test method describes the determination of lead in water and waste waters using differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry.
27.2 This test method is applicable up to a concentration of 100 μg/L lead. Higher concentrations can be determined by dilution.
27.3 The lower limit of detection for lead is 1.0 μg/L.
Note 13—The lower limit of detection for differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry is not absolute and can easily be lowered by changing the experimental parameters as described in Appendix X1. However, these variations have not been interlaboratory tested.
39.1 This test method covers the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in most waters and wastewaters.
39.2 The test method is applicable in the range from 5 to 100 μg/L of lead using a 20-μL injection. The range can be increased or decreased by varying the volume of sample injected or the instrumental settings. High concentrations may be diluted but preferably should be analyzed by direct aspiration atomic absorption spectrophotometry (Test Method A).
39.3 This test method has been used successfully with reagent water, lake water, river water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and a production plant process water. It is the user's responsibility to assure validity of this test method for untested matrices.
General Information
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Standards Content (Sample)
NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
Designation: D3559 − 08
StandardTest Methods for
1
Lead in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
1.1 Thesetestmethodscoverthedeterminationofdissolved
and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by D858Test Methods for Manganese in Water
2
D1066Practice for Sampling Steam
atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse
anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included D1068Test Methods for Iron in Water
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
as follows:
D1193Specification for Reagent Water
Concentration
Range Sections D1687Test Methods for Chromium in Water
Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 1.0 to 10 mg/L 7 to 15
D1688Test Methods for Copper in Water
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, 100 to 1000 µg/L 16 to 24
D1691Test Methods for Zinc in Water
Chelation-Extraction
Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic 1to100 µg/L 25to35
D1886Test Methods for Nickel in Water
Stripping Voltammetry
D2777Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of
Test Method D—Atomic Absorption, 5to100 µg/L 36to44
Applicable Test Methods of Committee D19 on Water
Graphite Furnace
D3370Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines.
D3557Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water,
D3558Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
lake water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a
D3919Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by
medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
effluent, and a production plant process water.
D4841Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water
1.3 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of
Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
D5810Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847Practice for Writing Quality Control Specifications
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as
for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this
E60Practice for Analysis of Metals, Ores, and Related
standard.
Materials by Spectrophotometry
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the
E275PracticeforDescribingandMeasuringPerformanceof
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
Ultraviolet and Visible Spectrophotometers
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
3. Terminology
bilityofregulatorylimitationspriortouse.Forspecifichazards
3.1 Definitions—For definition of terms used in these test
statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11,
methods, refer to Terminology D1129.
23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and 33.1.
3.2 total recoverable lead—an arbitrary analytical term
relatingtotherecoverableformsofleadthataredeterminedby
the digestion method which are included in the procedure.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D19 on
Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic
4. Significance and Use
Constituents in Water.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally 4.1 Thetestforleadisnecessarybecauseitisatoxicantand
approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3559–03. DOI:
becausethereisalimitspecifiedforleadinpotablewaterinthe
10.1520/D3559-08.
2
Platte,J.A.,andMarcy,V.M.,“ANewToolfortheWaterChemist,” Industrial
3
Water Engineering, May 1965 . Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fishman, M. J., For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
“MethodsforCollectionandAnalysisofWaterSamplesforDissolvedMineralsand contact ASTM Customer Service at service@astm.org. For Annual Book of ASTM
Gases,” Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations of the U. S. Geological Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Survey , Book 5, 1970, p. 115. the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3559 − 08
National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations. This MethodsD1688),iron(TestMethodsD1068),mang
...
This document is not anASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of anASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
Designation:D3559–03 Designation: D 3559 – 08
Standard Test Methods for
1
Lead in Water
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D3559; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
1. Scope *
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of dissolved and total recoverable lead in water and waste water by
2
atomic-absorption spectrophotometry and differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Four test methods are included as
follows:
Concentration
Range Sections
Test Method A—Atomic Absorption, Direct 1.0 to 10 mg/L 7 to 15
Test Method B—Atomic Absorption, 100 to 1000 µg/L 16 to 24
Chelation-Extraction
Test Method C—Differential Pulse Anodic 1to100 µg/L 25to35
Stripping Voltammetry
Test Method D—Atomic Absorption, 5to100 µg/L 36to44
Graphite Furnace
1.2 Test Method B can be used to determine lead in brines.Test Method D has been used successfully with reagent water, lake
water, well water, filtered tap water, condensate from a medium Btu coal gasification process, waste treatment plant effluent, and
a production plant process water.
1.3 It is the user’s responsibility to ensure the validity of these test methods for waters of untested matrices.
1.4
1.4 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as standard. No other units of measurement are included in this standard.
1.5 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations prior to use. For specific hazards statements, see 10.4.1, Note 2, 11.2, 11.3, 21.7, 21.8, 21.11, 23.7, 23.10, 32.2.1, and
33.1.
2. Referenced Documents
3
2.1 ASTM Standards:
D858 Test Methods for Manganese in Water
D1066 Practice for Sampling Steam
D1068 Test Methods for Iron in Water
3
D1129Terminology Relating to Water
3
D1192Specification for Equipment for Sampling Water and Steam in Closed Conduits Terminology Relating to Water
D1193 Specification for Reagent Water
D1687 Test Methods for Chromium in Water
D1688 Test Methods for Copper in Water
D1691 Test Methods for Zinc in Water
D1886 Test Methods for Nickel in Water
D2777 Practice for Determination of Precision and Bias of Applicable Test Methods of Committee D-19D19 on Water
D3370 Practices for Sampling Water from Closed Conduits
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction ofASTM Committee D19 on Water and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D19.05 on Inorganic Constituents
in Water.
Current edition approved Jan. 10, 2003. Published January 2003. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 1996 as D3559–96.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2008. Published October 2008. Originally approved in 1977. Last previous edition approved in 2003 as D3559–03.
2
Platte, J. A., and Marcy, V. M., “A New Tool for the Water Chemist,” Industrial Water Engineering, May 1965 .
Brown, E., Skougstad, M. W., and Fishman, M. J., “Methods for Collection and Analysis of Water Samples for Dissolved Minerals and Gases,” Techniques of
Water-Resources Investigations of the U. S. Geological Survey , Book 5, Chapter , 1970, p. 115.
3
ForreferencedASTMstandards,visittheASTMwebsite,www.astm.org,orcontactASTMCustomerServiceatservice@astm.org.For Annual Book of ASTM Standards
, Vol 11.01.volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on the ASTM website.
*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
1
---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
D3559–08
D3557 Test Methods for Cadmium in Water
D3558 Test Methods for Cobalt in Water
D3919 Practice for Measuring Trace Elements in Water by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry
D4841 Practice for Estimation of Holding Time for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents
D5810 Guide for Spiking into Aqueous Samples
D5847 Practice for the Writing Quality Control Specifications for Standard Test Methods for Water Analysis
E60Practice for Photometric and Spectrophotometric Methods for Chemical Analysis of Me
...
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