Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers

SCOPE
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers graduated in systems required by the various tests in which their use is required.

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Historical
Publication Date
14-Feb-1995
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ASTM E100-95 - Standard Specification for ASTM Hydrometers
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NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
Designation: E 100 – 95
Standard Specification for
1
ASTM Hydrometers
This standard is issued under the fixed designation E 100; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.
eters manufactured prior to the adoption of the specifications will retain
1. Scope
the same official status as those meeting current specifications.
1.1 This specification covers glass hydrometers graduated in
systems required by the various tests in which their use is
5. Type
required.
5.1 Hydrometers shall be of the constant-mass, variable-
displacement type. Hydrometers shall be made of glass, except
2. Referenced Documents
for the scale, ballasting material, and the thermometric liquid
2.1 ASTM Standards:
of thermohydrometers.
D 287 Test Method for API Gravity of Crude Petroleum and
5.2 The outer surface of the stem and body shall be
2
Petroleum Products (Hydrometer Method)
symmetrical about the vertical axis. There shall be no uneven
2
D 1250 Guide for Petroleum Measurement Tables
or unnecessary thickening of the walls, and no abrupt changes
3
E 1 Specification for ASTM Thermometers
or constrictions that would hinder thorough cleaning or tend to
E 77 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Ther-
trap air bubbles when the instrument is immersed.
3
mometers
5.3 The hydrometer shall always float with its axis vertical.
E 126 Test Method for Inspection and Verification of Hy-
5.4 The hydrometer shall be thoroughly dry on the inside
3
drometers
when sealed. The top of the stem shall be neatly rounded
E 344 Terminology Relating to Thermometry and Hydrom-
without unnecessary thickening.
3
etry
5.5 The glass shall be smooth, transparent, and free of
bubbles, striae, or other imperfections that might interfere with
3. Terminology
the use of the hydrometer. The glass shall adequately resist the
3.1 Definitions—The definitions given in Terminology
reaction of chemical agents to which hydrometers may be
E 344 apply.
exposed, and also shall have suitable thermal properties to
3.2 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard:
permit its use over the range of temperatures to which it may
3.2.1 length of the scale, n—the length of the nominal range
be subjected. In general, glasses suitable for constructing the
in the stem, not including graduations extending above and
bulbs of thermometers are satisfactory for hydrometers.
below the nominal limits.
NOTE 2—The API hydrometers are intended to be used in conjunction
3.2.2 top of the hydrometer, n—the top of the finished
with Test Method D 287, hydrometer readings being corrected using
instrument.
Guide D 1250, IP 200. Therefore, these hydrometers shall be made of
3.2.3 total length, n—the overall length of the finished
glass having a cubical coefficient of expansion of approximately
hydrometer.
0.0000128/1°F at 60°F.
4. Specifications
6. Body
4.1 Individual hydrometers shall conform to the detailed
6.1 The preferred shapes for the bodies of hydrometers are
specifications in Table 1 and to the general requirements
shown in Figs. 1 and 2.
specified in Sections 5-15.
7. Ballast
NOTE 1—Changes in this specification may be made from time to time
which do not affect the basic characteristics of the hydrometers. Hydrom- 7.1 Material used for ballast shall be secured to the lower
part of the body, and no loose material of any sort may be
inside a hydrometer. When a cement is used to hold the ballast
1
securely in place, this cement shall not soften below 105°C
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee E-20 on
Temperature Measurement and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee E20.05
(221°F).
on Liquid-in-Glass Thermometers and Hydrometers.
7.2 When mercury is used for weighting, it shall be placed
Current edition approved Feb. 15, 1995. Published April 1995. Originally
in a small bulb below the main bulb of the hydrometer, and
published as E 100 – 53. Last previous edition E 100 – 94.
2
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 05.01.
completely separated from the main bulb by means of a glass
3
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.03.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
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---------------------- Page: 1 ----------------------
E 100
(a) Plain Hydrometer (b) Thermohydrometer with (c) Thermohydrometer with
Thermometer in Body Thermometer in Stem
FIG. 1 Typical Hydrometers Designs
FIG. 2 Soil Hydrometers
partition or by sealing the small opening between bulbs with a may be anchored by a design which prevents it from moving;
suitable cement. Solid
...

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