ASTM D2196-18e1

Standard Test Methods for Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by Rotational Viscometer

SIGNIFICANCE AND USE
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.  
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
SCOPE
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s−1 using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.  
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.  
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.  
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

General Information

• Status: Historical
• Publication Date: 31-May-2018
• ICS: 17.060 - Measurement of volume, mass, density, viscosity
• Technical Committee: D01 - Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications
• Drafting Committee: D01.24 - Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials

Standards Content (Sample)

NOTICE: This standard has either been superseded and replaced by a new version or withdrawn.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information
´1
Designation:D2196 −18
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational Viscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision.Anumber in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in September 2018.
1. Scope determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational
viscometer with a spindle operating in a fluid contained in a
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the
600 mL low form Griffin beaker. The agitation of the material
apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic
immediately preceding the viscosity measurements is carefully
properties of non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range
−1 controlled.
from 0.1 to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating in a
fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
3. Significance and Use
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent
standard. The values given in parentheses are for information
viscosityatagivenrotationalspeed,althoughviscositiesattwo
only.
ormorespeedsgivebettercharacterizationofanon-Newtonian
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the
material than does a single viscosity measurement.
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
3.2 WithTestMethodsBandC,theextentofshearthinning
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational
priate safety, health, and environmental practices and deter-
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test
1.4 This international standard was developed in accor-
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard-
before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the
and C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approxi-
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
matesshearingduringpaintapplication.Theviscositybehavior
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical
measured after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
the paint soon after application.
2. Summary of Test Method
4. Apparatus
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrument will
viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the
have the following capabilities at a minimum:
torque on a spindle rotating at a constant speed in a 600 mL
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational
low form Griffin beaker.
displacement to the spindle immersed in the specimen for
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear
rotationalspeedsbetween0.307and10.24rad/sec(0.3and100
thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological proper-
rpm) constant to within 0.01%.
2
ties of the materials. The viscosities of these materials are
4.1.2 Aforce sensor to measure the torque required to drive
the spindle immersed in the specimen at each of the defined
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on
speed settings to within 0.1%.
Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct
4.1.3 A coupling shaft, or other means, to transmit the
responsibility of Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints &
rotational displacement from the motor to the spindle.
Paint Materials.
4.1.4 A rotational element, spindle, or tool, such as the
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally
approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2196–15. DOI:
shapesshowninFig.1tofixthespecimenbetweenthespindle
10.1520/D2196-18E01.
andastationarysurface.Theprotectivebracket,whichattaches
2
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and
to the viscometer and protects the spindle, provides the
Resins with the Brookfield Viscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43, No.
557, 1971, pp. 35–43. stationary surface described in the preceding sentence.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2196−18
5.
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This document is not an ASTM standard and is intended only to provide the user of an ASTM standard an indication of what changes have been made to the previous version. Because
it may not be technically possible to adequately depict all changes accurately, ASTM recommends that users consult prior editions as appropriate. In all cases only the current version
of the standard as published by ASTM is to be considered the official document.
´1
Designation: D2196 − 18 D2196 − 18
Standard Test Methods for
Rheological Properties of Non-Newtonian Materials by
1
Rotational ViscountessViscometer
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D2196; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the U.S. Department of Defense.
1
ε NOTE—Editorial corrections were made throughout in September 2018.
1. Scope
1.1 These test methods cover the determination of the apparent viscosity and the shear thinning and thixotropic properties of
−1
non-Newtonian materials in the shear rate range from 0.1 to 50 s using a rotational viscometer operating in a fluid contained in
a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.
1.3 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility
of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety, health, and environmental practices and determine the applicability of
regulatory limitations prior to use.
1.4 This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization
established in the Decision on Principles for the Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued
by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
2. Summary of Test Method
2.1 Test Method A consists of determining the apparent viscosity of coatings and related materials by measuring the torque on
a spindle rotating at a constant speed in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker.
2.2 Test Methods B and C consist of determining the shear thinning and thixotropic (time-dependent) rheological properties of
2
the materials. The viscosities of these materials are determined at a series of prescribed speeds of a rotational viscometer with a
spindle operating in a fluid contained in a 600 mL low form Griffin beaker. The agitation of the material immediately preceding
the viscosity measurements is carefully controlled.
3. Significance and Use
3.1 Test Method A is used for determining the apparent viscosity at a given rotational speed, although viscosities at two or more
speeds give better characterization of a non-Newtonian material than does a single viscosity measurement.
3.2 With Test Methods B and C, the extent of shear thinning is indicated by the drop in viscosity with increasing rotational
speed. The degree of thixotropy is indicated by comparison of viscosities at increasing and decreasing rotational speeds (Test
Method B), viscosity recovery (Test Method B), or viscosities before and after high shear (combination of Test Methods B and
C). The high-shear treatment in Test Method C approximates shearing during paint application. The viscosity behavior measured
after high shear is indicative of the characteristics of the paint soon after application.
4. Apparatus
4.1 Rotational Viscometer—The essential instrument will have the following capabilities at a minimum:
4.1.1 A drive motor, to apply a unidirectional rotational displacement to the spindle immersed in the specimen for rotational
speeds between 0.307 and 10.24 rad/sec (0.3 and 100 rpm) constant to within 0.01%.
1
These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.24 on Physical Properties of Liquid Paints & Paint Materials.
Current edition approved June 1, 2018. Published August 2018. Originally approved in 1963. Last previous edition approved in 2015 as D2196 – 15. DOI:
10.1520/D2196-18.10.1520/D2196-18E01.
2
Pierce, P. E., “Measurement of Rheology of Thixotropic Organic Coatings and Resins with the Brookfield ViscountessViscometer,” Journal of Paint Technology, Vol 43,
No. 557, 1971, pp. 35–43.
Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States
1

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D2196 − 18
4.1.2 A force sensor to measure the torque required to drive the spindle immersed in the specimen at each of the defined speed
settings to within 0.1%.
4.1.3 A coupling shaft, o
...