ASTM D6695-01
(Practice)Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
Standard Practice for Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
SCOPE
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in xenon arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and G 155. This practice also covers the preparation of test specimens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation of test results. Table 1 describes commonly used test conditions.Note 1--ISO 11341:1994 also describes xenon-arc exposures of paints and coatings. However, the exposure conditions described in ISO 11341 are different than those listed in .
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use.
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Standards Content (Sample)
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Designation: D 6695 – 01
Standard Practice for
Xenon-Arc Exposures of Paint and Related Coatings
This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 6695; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.
1. Scope of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels
D 1005 Test Methods for Measurement of Dry-Film Thick-
1.1 This practice covers the selection of test conditions for
ness of Organic Coatings Using Micrometers
accelerated exposure testing of coatings and related products in
D 1186 Test Methods for Nondestructive Measurement of
xenon arc devices conducted according to Practices G 151 and
Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic Coatings Applied to
G 155. This practice also covers the preparation of test speci-
a Ferrous Base
mens, the test conditions suited for coatings, and the evaluation
D 1400 Test Method for Nondestructive Measurement of
of test results. Table 1 describes commonly used test condi-
Dry Film Thickness of Nonconductive Coatings Applied to
tions.
a Nonferrous Metal Base
NOTE 1—ISO 11341:1994 also describes xenon-arc exposures of paints
D 1729 Practice for Visual Appraisal of Colors and Color
and coatings. However, the exposure conditions described in ISO 11341
Differences of Diffusely Illuminated Opaque Materials
are different than those listed in Table 1.
D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and
1.2 This standard does not purport to address all of the 5
Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the
D 2244 Test Method for Calculation of Color Differences
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro- 3
From Instrumentally Measured Color Coordinates
priate safety and health practices and determine the applica-
D 2616 Test Method for Evaluation of Visual Color Differ-
bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 3
ence with a Gray Scale
D 3359 Test Method for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test
2. Referenced Documents
D 3980 Practice for Interlaboratory Testing of Paint and
2.1 ASTM Standards: 3
Related Materials
D 358 Specification for Wood to Be Used as Panels in
D 4214 Test Methods for Evaluating Degree of Chalking of
Weathering Tests of Coatings 3
Exterior Paint Films
D 523 Test Method for Specular Gloss
D 5870 Practice for Calculating Property Retention Index
D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels 6
of Plastics
for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and
E 691 Practice for Conducting an Interlaboratory Study to
Related Coating Products 7
Determine the Precision of Test Methods
D 610 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Rusting on
E 1347 Test Method for Color and Color Difference Mea-
Painted Steel Surfaces 3
sured by Tristimulus (filter) Colormetry
D 659 Method of Evaluating Degree of Chalking of Exte-
G 113 Terminology Relating to Natural and Artificial
rior Paints 8
Weathering Tests of Nonmetallic Materials
D 660 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Checking of
G 141 Guide for Addressing Variability in Exposure Testing
Exterior Paints 8
on Nonmetallic Materials
D 662 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Erosion of
G 147 Practice for Conditioning and Handling of Nonme-
Exterior Paints 8
tallic Materials for Natural and Artificial Weathering Tests
D 714 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Blistering of
G 151 Practice for Exposing Nonmetallic Materials in Ac-
Paints
celerated Test Devices That Use Laboratory Light
D 772 Test Method for Evaluating Degree of Flaking (Scal- 8
Sources
ing) of Exterior Paints
G 155 Practice for Operating Xenon-Arc Light Apparatus
D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness 8
for Exposure of Nonmetallic Materials
G 169 Guide for Application of Basic Statistical Methods to
Weathering Tests
This practice is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on on Paint
and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and is the direct responsibility of
Subcommittee D01.27 on Accelerated Testing.
Current edition approved July 10, 2001. Published September 2001. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.
2 6
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 08.03.
3 7
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.02.
4 8
Discontinued; see 1990 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 14.04.
Copyright © ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959, United States.
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6695
A
TABLE 1 Test Cycles Commonly Used for Xenon-Arc Exposure Testing of Paints and Related Coatings
Uninsulated Black
B D E
Cycle Number Cycle Description Typical Irradiance Typical Uses
C
Panel, Temperature
1 Continuous light 63 6 2°C 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm General coatings and
2 G
102 min light only at 50 % 6 5% RH 145 6 4°F 41.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm historical convention
F
18 min light and water spray
Repeat continuously
2 18 h continuous light using: 63 6 2°C 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm General coatings
102 min light only at 50 % 6 5% RH 145 6 4°F 41.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm
18 min light and water spray 24 6 1.5°C
6 h dark using: 43 6 3°F
95 % relative humidity (no water spray)
Repeat continuously
3 4 h light at 50 % 6 5% RH 63 6 2°C 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm Exterior pigmented stains
145 6 4°F 41.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm
4 h dark with water spray
Repeat continuously
4 12 h light at 50 % 6 5% RH 63 6 2°C 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm Exterior wood stains
145 6 4°F 41.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm and clears
12 h dark with water spray
Repeat continuously
5 8 h light at 50 % 6 5% RH 63 6 2°C 0.35 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm Marine enamels
145 6 4°F 41.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm
10 h light and water spray
6 h dark with water spray
Repeat continuously
2 H
6 40 min light at 50 % 6 5% RH 70 6 2 °C (158 6 4 °F) 0.55 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm Automotive exterior
20 min light and water spray 70 6 2 °C (158 6 4 °F) 65.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm
60 min light at 50 % 6 5% RH 38 6 2 °C (100 6 4 °F)
60 min dark at 95 % 6 5% RH
(water spray on front and back of specimens)
Repeat continuously
2 H
7 3.8 h light at 50 % 6 5% RH 89 6 3 °C (192 6 5 °F) 0.55 6 0.02 W/(m ·nm) at 340 nm Automotive interior
1.0 h dark at 95 % 6 5% RH 38 6 2 °C (100 6 4 °F) 65.5 6 2.5 W/m from 300-400 nm
Repeat continuously
A
The cycles described are not listed in any order indicating importance, and are not necessarily recommended for the applications shown.
B
As stated in 5.2, the spectral power distribution (SPD) of the xenon lamp shall conform to the requirements of Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp with daylight filters.
C
Unless otherwise indicated, black panel temperatures apply during light-only portion of the cycle. The equilibrium black panel temperature is obtained without a spray
period. For light intervals shorter than 30 min, the black panel temperature might not reach equilibrium. When an insulated black panel thermometer is used, add 6° (11°F)
to the temperatures given for the uninsulated black panel.
D
The irradiance values given are those that have historically been used. In devices capable of producing higher irradiance, the actual irradiance used may be higher
than the stated values. For example, Japanese auto industry specifications allow use of exposures according to Cycle 1 with 300 to 400 nm irradiance of up to 180 W/m .
E
Typical uses does not imply that results from exposures of these materials according to the cycle described will correlate to those from actual use conditions.
F
Unless otherwise specified, water spray refers to water sprayed on the exposed surface of the test specimens.
G
This cycle has been used for coatings by historical convention and may not adequately simulate the effects of outdoor exposure.
H
The SPD of the xenon lamp with the filters required in SAE standards J1960 and J1885 does not meet the requirements of Practice G 155 for a xenon lamp with
daylight filters.
2.2 ISO Standards: 4. Significance and Use
ISO 11341:1994 Paints and Varnishes—Artificial Weather-
4.1 The ability of a paint or coating to resist deterioration of
ing and Exposure to Artificial Radiation—Exposure to
its physical and optical properties caused by exposure to light,
Filtered Xenon-Arc Radiation
heat, and water can be very significant for many applications.
2.3 Society of Automotive Engineers’ Standards:
This practice is intended to induce property changes associated
SAE J1885, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Interior
with end use conditions, including the effects of sunlight,
Trim Components Using a Controlled Irradiance Water
moisture, and heat. The exposure used in this practice is not
Cooled Xenon Arc Apparatus
intended to simulate the deterioration caused by localized
SAE J1960, Accelerated Exposure of Automotive Exterior
weather phenomena such as atmospheric pollution, biological
Materials Using a Controlled Irradiance Water Cooled
attack, and salt water exposure.
Xenon Arc Apparatus
4.2 Caution—Variation in results may be expected when
different operating conditions are used. Therefore, no reference
3. Terminology
to the use of this practice shall be made unless accompanied by
3.1 The definitions given in Terminology G 113 are appli-
a report prepared according to Section 10 that describes the
cable to this practice.
specific operating conditions used. Refer to Practice G 151 for
detailed information on the caveats applicable to use of results
obtained according to this practice.
Available from ANSI, 25 West 43rd St., 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036.
NOTE 2—Additional information on sources of variability and on
Available from Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive,
Warrendale, PA 15096. strategies for addressing variability in the design, execution and data
NOTICE: This standard has either been superceded and replaced by a new version or discontinued.
Contact ASTM International (www.astm.org) for the latest information.
D 6695
analysis of laboratory accelerated exposure tests is found in Guide G 141.
D 358. Select panel sizes suitable for use with the exposure
apparatus.
4.2.1 The spectral power distribution of light from a xenon-
7.3 Coat test panels in accordance with Practices D 823 and
arc is significantly different from that produced in light and
then measure the film thickness in accordance with an appro-
water exposure devices using carbon-arc or other light sources.
priate procedure selected from Test Methods D 1005, D 1186,
The type and rate of degradation and the performance rankings
or D 1400. Nondestructive methods are preferred because
produced by exposures to xenon-arcs can be much different
panels so measured need not be repaired.
from those produced by exposures to other types of laboratory
7.4 Prior to exposing coated panels in the apparatus, condi-
light sources.
tion them at 23 6 2°C (73 6 3°F) and 50 6 5 % relative
4.2.2 Interlaboratory comparisons are valid only when all
humidity for one of the following periods in accordance with
laboratories use the same light source, filter type, and exposure
the type of coating:
conditions.
Baked coatings 24 h
4.3 Reproducibility of test results between laboratories has
Radiation-cured coatings 24 h
been shown to be good when the stability of materials is
All other coatings 7 days min
evaluated in terms of performance ranking compared to other
11,12
7.4.1 Other procedures for preparation of test specimens
materials or to a control. Therefore, exposure of a similar
may be used if agreed upon between all interested parties.
material of known performance (a control) at the same time as
7.5 Mount specimens in holders so that only the minimum
the test materials is strongly recommended. It is recommended
specimen area required for support by the holder is covered.
that at least three replicates of each material be exposed to
Do not use this covered area of the specimen as part of the test
allow for statistical evaluation of results.
area.
4.4 Test results will depend upon the care that is taken to
7.6 Unless otherwise specified, expose at least three repli-
operate the equipment according to Practice G 155. Significant
factors include regulation of line voltage, freedom from salts or cate specimens of each test and control material.
other deposits from water, temperature and humidity control, 7.7 Follow the procedures described in Practice G 147 for
and condition and age of the burner and filters. identification and conditioning and handling of specimens of
4.5 All references to exposures in accordance with this test, control, and reference materials prior to, during, and after
practice must include a complete description of the test cycle exposure.
used. 7.8 Do not mask the face of a specimen for the purpose of
showing on one panel the effects of various exposure times.
5. Safety Hazards
Misleading results may be obtained by this method, since the
5.1 Warning: Never look directly at the xenon-arc because
masked portion of the specimen is still exposed to temperature
UV radiation can damage the eye. Most xenon-arc machines
and humidity cycles that in many cases will affect results.
are equipped with door safety switches, but users of old
7.9 Retain a supply of unexposed file specimens of all
equipment must be certain to turn the power to the lamp off
materials evaluated.
before opening the test-chamber door.
7.9.1 When destructive tests are run, it is recommended that
5.2 Xenon-arc lamps should be at or near room temperature
a sufficient number of file specimens be retained so that the
before handling.
property of interest can be determined on unexposed file
specimens each time exposed materials are evaluated.
6. Apparatus
NOTE 3—Since the stability of the file specimen may also be time-
6.1 Use xenon-arc apparatus that conforms to the require-
dependent, users are cautioned that over prolonged exposure periods, or
ments defined in Practices G 151 and G 155.
where small differences in the order of acceptable limits are anticipated,
6.2 Unless otherwise specified, the spectral power distribu-
comparison of exposed specimens with the file specimen may not be valid.
tion of the xenon-arc shall conform to the requirements in
Nondestructive instrumental measurements are recommended whenever
Practice G 155 for xenon-arc with daylight filters.
possib
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